Оцінка екологічної безпеки лісівничих заходів на об’єктах лісокультурної спадщини

Анотація

Currently, the most actual problem is to increase the ecological safety of used forestry measures in the process of forest management due to the fact that there is a long period of forest cultivation that can last for decades. Therefore, the most accurately one can assess the environmental safety of the measures taken on the example of permanent scientific objects, which are concentrated in the Boyarka Forest Experimental Station.

It is proved that ecological safety of forest ecosystems depends on soil and climatic conditions, species composition, type of forest sites etc.). At the present stage, forest ecosystems are anthropogenic disturbed, characterized mainly by single-tree species with a simplified tier structure. In such ecosystems, biodiversity is lost, biodiversity component of material and energy transformation is reduced, which explains the reduction of stability, protective functions, which in turn reduces their level of environmental safety.

The main problem with the reproduction of forests is primarily the mechanization of technological operations. Particularly important is the prevention of changes in forest formations by associations of herbaceous non-forest plants, since they are not characteristic for natural successions of forest biocenoses and, as a rule, lead to negative consequences. We advise to use only the cleaning of logs from stumps, without removing the roots without a roll of trees with roots.

The research on rooted areas is allowed to establish that in the IV age class of the plantation had better preservation and greater stock, but the height and diameter of the middle tree were larger in plantations created on undiluted logs. The plantations created on untreated chopsticks at age 38 years old have the best biometric characteristics. The reduction of stonecrops allows for more favorable conditions for the preparation of soil, forage, seedlings and care for them, than the option with high stumps. At the same time, it is much cheaper and more ecologically than the variants, although it has not shown a positive effect on the preservation and growth of pine plantations.

The percentage of different groups of plants by signs indicate that in areas with broken genetic horizons of the soil, the conservation of signs of forest cenosis is almost absent. This is evidenced by the indistinct variety of herbal vegetation. A typical indicator of fresh pine sites – a multicultural bunch of only 3.000 pieces/ha, whereas on uncut timber it reaches 30.000 pieces/ha. Roundworm corn is found in the amount of 5-6 thousand pieces/ha of ruderal plants.

The total amount of herbaceous plants in these variants of preparation of frames varies in the range of 7-9 thousand pieces/ha. The opposite pattern of the distribution of herbaceous plants took place at the control site, where the grass cover is dominated by a multiflorous bacon, bacon and strawberries in the amount of 90.000  pieces/ha, 4.000 and 1.000 pieces/ha. Cereals are represented by pearl piercings and pie creeping quantities of 62 and 20 thousand pieces/ha, respectively. The total amount of herbaceous plants in this area is 195 thousand tons/ha, also ruderal grasses and the like.

In areas with silvicultural uprooting stumps and felling trees with roots were partly present forest herbaceous plants, occupying 25% less space and silvicultural belong to areas with partial signs of forest communities or not.
In the long run, it is necessary to deepen research to minimize the impact of forest-cultivated and forestry measures on forest cenosis and their compliance with the requirements for the formation of stable and high-yielding plantations in conditions of rapid pine forests plowing; forestry efficiency of separate forest-cultural and forestry measures.

Consequently, the scientific objects of the station act indirectly as an integrated indicator of the state of the forest cenosis and are indicators of their environmental safety during forestry activities.