Применение технических средств для уборки урожая земляники садовой
Abstract
APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL MEANS FOR HARVESTING STRAWBERRIES
R. Filippov., D. Khort., V. Shevkun
The aim of the research is to increase the productivity of manual harvesting of strawberry garden berries, by identifying the optimal technology of the harvesting process using technical means.
The manual harvesting method can be effective provided that the collection is carried out by experienced, specially trained assemblers. They collect ripe berries, reject the rotten and damaged berries.
The productivity of manual collection directly depends on such factor as the size of berries and its mass. In the initial period (1-2 collections) the berries are the largest and their number is less, but the mass of the berry is the dominant factor and therefore the productivity of the worker increases.
In order to increase the productivity of manual labor, to reduce the loss of time for carrying empty and filled berries, and to reduce fatigue, we are proposing to use various technical means to rationalize manual labor to collect strawberries.
Conducted studies have shown that the most productive is the use of a single platform on picking berries because the collector works at the pace that is customary for him and does not adjust to other collectors.
The use of a trolley stand is quite effective, as the transportation of tare over the field is excluded.
The use of the three-seat platform justifies itself with a high yield, since the collection is conducted from six rows simultaneously, and there is no need for frequent movement.
As a result of the timing of the labor process of harvesting berries on the plantation, it is established that the productivity of the collectors during the day depends on the technical means used by them.
According to the schedule, with traditional manual assembly, good performance is achieved in the morning. However, by the end of the shift, they are declining because of heavy working conditions. On the contrary, working on a single platform during the day shows a stable result due to the fact that the assembler in a sitting position is less tired, less is wasting energy for movement, does not move packagings, and most of the time is collecting.
The quality of the process of harvesting berries during the entire test period was at the level of manual collection. Completeness of collection varied from 95.8 % in heavily thickened rows with a large number of weeds, up to 99.5 % in areas with good agrotechnical maintenance of plantations.
As a result of the use of technical means, the harvesting capacity of strawberries increased by an average of 29.2%.
References
Filippov, R. A. (2012). Tekhnicheskie sredstva v tekhnologii ruchnoj uborki yagod zemlyaniki. [Technical means in technology of hand-picking strawberries]. Dis… k. s-h. nauk. – Moskow, 156.
Filippov, P. A., Utkov, Yu. A. (2010). Tekhnicheskie sredstva dlya sovershenstvovaniya ruchnogo sbora yagod zemlyaniki na promyshlennoj plantacii [Technical means to improve the hand-picking of strawberries on industrial plantations]. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo, 2, 37–40.
Utkov, Yu. A., Filippov, R. A. (2012). Sovremennye tendencii sozdaniya tekhnicheskih sredstv, uluchshayushchih usloviya truda v promyshlennom sadovodstve Rossii [Modern tendencies of creation of technical means to improve working conditions in the industrial horticulture of Russia]. Vestnik michurinskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 3, 31–37.
Smirnov, I. G., Hort, D. O., Filippov, R. A. (2013). Normativno-tekhnicheskaya baza dannyh mashin dlya sovremennyh tekhnologij promyshlennogo sadovodstva [Normative and technical database of machines for modern technologies of industrial gardening] // Sistema tekhnologij i mashin dlya innovacionnogo razvitiya APK Rossii: Sb. dokl. Mezhdunar. nauch.- tekhn. konf. CH.1. Moskow: VIM, 202–205.
Filippov R. A., Hort D. O. (2013). Razvitie tekhnicheskih sredstv dlya sbora yagod zemlyaniki [Development of technical means for hand-picking strawberries] Trudy GOSNITI, 111 (1), 58–61.
Pat. 2523500 RF. Platforma dlya ruchnoj uborki yagod zemlyaniki i drugih nizkorastushchih kul'tur [Platform for hand-harvesting of strawberries and other low-growing crops ] R. A. Filippov, Yu. A. Utkov, D. O. Hort, I. G. Smirnov. Byul. № 20. – 2014.
Pat. 2415550 RF. Platforma dlya ruchnoj uborki urozhaya, posadki i uhoda za nizkorastushchimi kul'turami [Platform for hand-harvest, planting and caring for low-growing crops] Chuhlyaev I. I., Utkov Yu. A., Cymbal A. A., Bychkov V. V., Filippov R. A. Byul. № 10. – 2011.
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