Дослідження шляхів підвищення світлокультури рослин у спорудах захищеного ґрунту

Abstract

RESEARCH OF WAYS TO INCREASE THE LIGHT-CULTURE OF PLANTS IN THE FACILITY OF THE PROTECTED GROUND

Y. Lutsak

When growing plants in protected soil, an important factor influencing the formation of quality and yield of crops is irradiation, especially in the seasons when there is not enough sunlight. Therefore, the use of artificial illumination is necessary. Lighting devices that are used in this way must satisfy the conditions for the qualitative growth of the growths and the formation of the crop, while having low energy consumption and corresponding photobiological characteristics.

The development of energy-efficient irradiation regimes is one of the promising directions of reducing energy consumption in protected crop protection. The existing state of the problem on the basis of the analysis of publications on bioelectric activity of plants shows the important influence of rhythmic changes on the physiological state of plants, therefore the issue of energy saving during electro-irradiation of vegetable crops can be solved, in particular by pulsed or periodic irradiation of plants in structures of protected soil.

The existing state of the problem on the basis of the analysis of publications on bioelectric activity of plants shows the important influence of rhythmic changes on the physiological state of plants, therefore the issue of energy saving during electro-irradiation of vegetable crops can be solved in particular by pulsed or periodic irradiation of plants in structures of protected soil.

The task of optimizing the protected soil structures is as follows:

• If the output of the process is the increase in yield, then it (the result) should seek maximum value;

• if the result is a reduction in the cost of production, then this result should be to a minimum.

The development of energy-efficient irradiation regimes is one of the promising directions of reducing energy consumption in protected crop protection.

The optimal use of energy influences is possible with efficient use of the source of optical radiation, which is ensured by the correct choice of irradiation regime, intensity, frequency, spectrum.

The use of external periodic influences, primarily light, corrected with the internal rhythms of plants, leading to resonance rhythms, allows to provide control of the physiological processes of plant life.

The resonance-periodic irradiation regime is characterized by high requirements for the accuracy of setting radiation parameters and their regulation. The fulfillment of this requirement can be ensured through the multifunctional radiation control system DALI.

The new Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) standard defines the digital link between electronic ballasts and control units. The basis of the construction of the standard is the principle of a management system with maximized functionality, but it creates a simple system with clearly defined structures

DALI is designed for intelligent, high-speed indoor lighting control. These functions can usually be combined into an irradiation control system for any object using various interfaces.

To ensure full compatibility between DALI components of different manufacturers, the DALI protocol is standardized globally in accordance with Standard 929 of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This enables the marketing and use of DALI components around the world, bypassing certain national or technical incompatibilities.

The process of automatic regulation of the intensity of the light flux of the radiation device according to the variable during the day of the value of natural light is intended to support a constant determined level of exposure in the room. This is achieved by a system that makes a continuous comparison between the required level of exposure and the overall level, consisting of natural and artificial light. Special sensors are used to obtain a true intensity level of irradiation.

Increasing the efficiency of plant cultivation in protected soil structures is impossible without taking into account the presence of nutrients in the soil and temperature-humidity regime by simulating the most effective cultivation process and its further implementation.

The application of the new standard (system) DALI of the Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, a digital addressing irradiation interface, will enable the most effective exposure regime to be taken into account, taking into account natural and technological factors affecting plant productivity.