Variability of pathogen infection Phomopsis Helianthi M. and Plasmopara Halstedii B. seeds of Helianthus Annuus L. domestic and foreign selection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.01.003Abstract
The main fungal diseases of varieties of seeds and sunflower hybrids of annual domestic and foreign breeding are Phomopsis helianthi M. and Plasmopara halstedii B., which are capable of destroying the entire crop of sunflower. The aim of the research was evaluating the phytosanitary status of sunflower seeds of domestic and foreign breeding. The investigations were carried out in the Kherson Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory during 2011-2015. Seed material came for examination from 10 countries and 6 regions of Ukraine.
The aim of research was evaluating phytosanitary condition of sunflower seeds and the spread of fungal diseases Phomopsis helianthi M. and Plasmopara halstedii B.
The object of the research was to determine the phytosanitary state of the sunflower seeds of domestic and foreign selection for the purpose of their destruction by Phomopsis helianthi M. and Plasmopara halstedii B.
The research was conducted on the basis of the Kherson regional phytosanitary laboratory. Laboratory examination of sunflower seed hybrids and varieties, lines of domestic and foreign selection was carried out with the purpose of determining the presence of non-corrosive fungal pathogens.
The long-term studies of the spreading these pathogens on the seeds material testify a notable variation of infection samples that came for examination from different countries and regions of Ukraine. For the first time Phomopsis helianthi M. were found during the examination of seed material obtained from the Mykolaiv region in 1990,Kherson region ‒ 1991, Zaporizhzhya region ‒ 1994, Dnipropetrovsk region ‒ 1998. Among the regions of Ukraine, maximum of infected seed material with Plasmopara halstedii В. came from the Kherson and Donetsk regions (24.5% and 22.8%, in accordance), minimum were typical for Kirovograd and Dnipropetrovsk regions (4.7% and 8.7%, in accordance).
Intensity of lesion by Phomopsis helianthi M. seed material of sunflower by regions varied considerably. Maximum lesion seed by Phomopsis helianthi M. were recorded in samples obtained from Donetsk and Kirovograd region (13.8% and 23.5%, in accordance), minimum ‒ from Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions (5.0% and 9.3%, in accordance).
Among the imported sunflower seed, maximum lesion by Plasmopara halstedii B. were recorded in varieties and lines from Moldova and Serbia (24.5% and 20.6%, in accordance), minimum ‒ from the USA and Italy (4.5% and 5.8%, in accordance). Maximum lesion seed by Phomopsis helianthi M, were detected in varieties and hybrids from Spain and Turkey (14.7% and 9.1%, in accordance). From the United States and Italy, seed material was free from Phomopsis helianthi M. and from Germany and France ‒ with a minimum infection (2.7% and 3.1%, in accordance).
The analysis of 96 varieties and hybrids of seeds domestic breeding indicates that infection with Plasmopara halstedii B. was detected in 20.0% of samples and Phomopsis helianthii M. in 8.7%. Overseas selection and sunflower hybrids also carry a hidden infection. Among 136 analyzed varieties of specimens, 13.7% revealed Plasmopara halstedii B., 7.7% – Phomopsis helianthi M. Sunflower seeds are the source of the spread of fungal diseases Phomopsis helianthi M. and Plasmopara halstedii B. Seeds of foreign selection is a particular threat to agrocenoses, as it can be infected with hidden fungal pathogens of non-aboriginal races. In the case of identification of a non-aboriginal race, such field should not be used more for purpose of growing sunflower.
Key words: annual sunflower, seeds, lesions, Phomopsis helianthi M., Plasmopara halstedii B., distribution
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