Component approach of landscape aesthetics research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2017.05.017Abstract
As a result of analytical studies of existing principles and approaches to assessing the aesthetics of landscapes, aspects have been identified regarding which they are systematized: the presence of a person in the environment at the time of analysis or his detachment (involvement theories and distance theories of aesthetic perception, respectively); orientation on the study of the landscape as an aesthetic object (objectivist or object-oriented) and man as a subject of perception of aesthetic qualities (subjectivist or subject-oriented). It is established that the greatest number of researches of scientists is concentrated in the circle of object-oriented approaches, especially those methods and techniques that focus on the evaluation of its individual components. Object-oriented approaches and methods for studying the aesthetics of the landscape are characterized, which focus on the evaluation of its components, as the shaping factors of aesthetics. A relatively significant number of exploratory approaches and methods for assessing the aesthetic qualities of landscapes have been identified, but they are not integrated into a common system and allow only certain components of the park landscape to be characterized from different points of view. The most complex in this context can be considered the method of aesthetic evaluation of biocenoses, developed by V.P. Curly, including two evaluation scales - taxation-phytocenotic and emotional. It is established that the results of the analysis of the aesthetic qualities of the landscape are reduced to the parameterization of the object (a separate component of the landscape), which become the basis of the assessment. An important aspect of the existing component-wise methods and approaches is the application of quantitative indicators that are focused on assessing the state of the components of the park space.
Keywords: aesthetics of the park environment, components of the park landscape
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