Influence of izatison and nanosilver SS1000 on the growth, the grain productivity and on the photosynthesis of the oat cultivar nezlamny
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.05.012Abstract
Caused by technological activities of people, environmental pollution and the changes of climate cause the decrease of viability of plants and their productivity, stipulating the considerable loss of harvest. In their turn, the most chemical means of plant protection from the complex of pests or diseases become also the additional factors of the environmental contamination.
Thereby, the ability to improve the adaptation possibility and the ecological safety are the most important requests for the modern means of the plant protection. In this connection, of a special attention are elaborated in our laboratory Izatison, possessing the known antiviral, immune modulating and antitumor action revealed on animals, and the nanosilver preparations possessing also the broad spectrum of the biological effects and the lower toxicity in comparison with the silver ions.
Earlier we carried out the investigations of the influence of the preparations Izatizone (Iz), Izatitony (It; Iz+etony) and the nanosilver SS1000 (S) on the growth of oat cultivar Nezlamny, on the elements of its grain productivity over three generations and on the chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids content in the oat leaves at the onset of panicles formation in the first and the second generations after treatment.
All vital processes of plants, including their adaptability and productivity, depend on the photosynthesis, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and particularly, the ratios of the content of some pigments to be the constituents of the reaction centers of photosynthesis and of the light-harvesting complexes, are the important measures of the adaptive reorganizations in the photosystems.
Methods
Iz and It preparations were designed in our laboratory; S was designed in Institute for Superhard materials V.M. Bakul NAS of Ukraine and was kindly given to us. The oat seeds were treated by the water suspensions of the preparations and the solvents DMSO (D) and PEG400 (P), to be the constituents of Iz, at the concentrations selected in previous experiments. The plants were grown on the little plots of land; the plant growth intensity was estimated by the stem length at the booting; the analysis of the productivity elements (the primary panicle length, L; the grains number in the primary panicle, G; the grains weight from the primary panicle, W; the weight of 1000 grains, W1000) was performed after gather in the harvest over 3 generations after treatment.
Chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids content was determined from leaf discs after the cold extraction in 80 % acetone followed by spectrophotometry. For the evaluation of the content of chlorophylls a and b and their sum, Vernon′s formulas were used; the calculation of the sum of the carotenoids content was performed according with Wettschtein′s formula.
The aim of this study is sum up of these many years old investigations, to reveal the regularities of the action of the preparations and their constituents.
Results and discussion
The stimulating effect of S on the plant growth at the booting was revealed in the first plant generation; such effect enhanced, when S was used in the complex with Iz. The positive effect of Iz, It and S on the panicles growth and development was observed. The crop yield per panicles increased, when Iz, It and S were used, caused by the increase of G.
It should be noted, that in the condition of the warm and droughty summer the negative influence of nanosilver SS1000 vas revealed on the elements of the oat grain productivity and on the photosynthetic pigments content in the leaves at the onset of panicles formation. It is the evidence of the influence of the environmental stressors, particularly the weather conditions, on the manifestation of the biological effects by the nanosilver SS1000, and it is determined by that, why the mechanism of nanosilver action, as and for environmental stressors one, consists in the induction of the oxidative stress, which, depending on the level, may be as stimulating so and destructive.
The manifestation of the negative influence on the elements of the grain productivity in the extreme weather conditions depend considerably on the concentrations of the nanosilver in the suspensions for the seed treatment. So, the stimulation of the growth processes at the bolting is more stabile at the high concentration (50 folds higher than the concentration selected by us for the further investigation), but such concentration influenced negatively on the elements of the grain productivity, causing the decreasing of the main panicle length, the number and the weight of the grains in it. At the low concentrations, to be commensurable with the selected by us for the further study, the negative influence of the oat seeds treatments before sawing shown not always and was less expressed.
In the second generation the increment persisted of G in the variants Iz, It and S and of W – in the variants Iz and P+S, and the increase exhibited of W1000 in the majority variants of experiment. The positive changes of oat productivity were persisting in the third generation also, and the most stable maintenance of L, G and W increase over 3 generations was observed for Iz.
The increase of chlorophyll a content (Ca) on 19,4 % (P<0,01) and the carotenoids content (Ccar) on 11,3 % (P<0,05) was observed in the first generation, when S+D was used. The treatment of oat seeds by Iz; S+D+P and S+D caused the increase of chl a portion on 9,2–9,4 % (P<0,01; P<0,001).
In the second generation the negative influence of D; P and D+Р on chl a and chl b content was revealed – the decrease on 10,6-15,9% (Р<0,05; Р<0,01; Р<0,001); the carotenoids content decreased by P (on 10 %; Р<0,05). The increase of chl a portion was observed after treatment by D+Р (on 3,6%; Р<0,01) and in the variants S+P (on 3,4 %; P<0,01); S+D+P (on 3,9 %; P<0,01); the increase of chl b portion – in the variants Iz and P (on 10,1 аnd 3,5%; P<0,001; P<0,02).
In the conditions of the warm and droughty summer, it was shown the negative influence of the before sawing treatment of the oat seeds by the nanosilver on the state of the plants photosynthetic apparatus at the key stage of development – at the onset of panicle formation. The highest between the used concentrations of SS1000 inhibited particularly the chlorophylls content; under it decreasing to the magnitudes, to be commensurate with the selected for the use in our study, the negative effect shown not always and was not strongly pronounced; simultaneously such concentrations of SS1000 induced the increasing of chlorophyll b portion in the pool of two main forms of chlorophylls, that may be the evidence of the light-harvesting complexes increasing in the photosystems of such plants.
Conclusions and perspectives
Izatison and nanosilver preparations, used under specified experimental conditions, are able to induce the oat growth promoting and its grain productivity improvement, persisting in the next generations. Izatison and its costituens DMSO and PEG 400 caused the changes of the chl a/b ratio, those had been observed over two generations after treatment. DMSO and PEG 400 influenced negatively on the chl a, chl b and carotenoids content in the next generation after treatment.
The main regularity of the action of the investigated preparations is their ability to promote the growth, the increasing of the grain productivity, and such positive changes are persisting in the next generations. The possible mechanism of the positive influence of Izatison and the nanosilver SS1000 on the plant adaptability are proposed.
It is likely, that the spectrum of the obtained changes may be conditioned by the complex of the signaling molecules to be the constituents of the used preparations, the inducers of the adaptation signaling pathways and the possible interaction amongst them. That pathway may by the leading from the key components of the signaling network, to be as a rule the transcription factors encoding by the homeotic genes, to the modulators of metabolism, especially to the TOR kinase, the universal modulator of adaptive reorganizations of metabolism to be intrinsic also for the plants.
We are of the opinion that the perspective of the further investigations for the purpose of the using in agriculture lies with Izatison, since the positive effects displayed for the considerable dilutions of the preparation and were more stable shown in the next generation of the plants. The nanosilver SS1000, dependently on the environmental conditions, was not be able to show the desired effects, and the increasing of it concentration can influence negatively on the photosynthetic pigments content and on the crop capacity.
Keywords: Izatison, nanosilver SS1000, growth, grain productivity, content of photosynthetic pigments, adaptive modulation of metabolism, genes of stress signaling, homeotic genes, plants TOR kinasesReferences
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