. Methods of diagnosis and the provision of conservative and surgical treatment for discopathy in dogs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.05.024Keywords:
methylprednisolone acetate, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, contrast myelography, hemilaminectomy, foraminectomy, Hansen H.J, hernia of the intervertebral disc, neurological deficitAbstract
Sick animals with spinal cord injuries make up the heaviest group due to spine and spinal pathologies. In the case of the latter, the spinal cord, the roots of the nerves, as well as the cerebral cords, are damaged, quickly, after 48 hours’ irreversible destructive changes develop in the nervous tissue. Timely provision of surgical intervention by hemilaminectomy or foraminectomy promotes the rapid restoration and preservation of nervous trophism.
The use of the neurological protocol and the scale for motor and sensory function (ASIA) makes it possible to more narrowly examine the pathological condition and perform a qualitative surgical intervention without damaging vital organs and systems.
To identify the neurological deficit, the animal is examined from the location of the compression and the implementation of additional methods, such as contrast myelography, digital radiography and MRI diagnostics.
In dogs, the І research group was supported by Depo-Medrol with intramuscular injection. The avian content was 10 to 19 days. Restoration of the function of the musculoskeletal system ranged from 7 to 20 days. Due to the timely implementation of conservative and surgical treatment in dogs of the 2nd research group, the goal was to fully restore the function of the thoracic and pelvic limbs for a period of 14 to 25 days. Immediately after the established diagnosis, they injected a solution of Sol-Medrol intravenously. An enclosure lasted from 14 to 25 days.
When the hemilaminectomy is performed, a hole is formed, which makes it possible to release the fragments of the disc, which are located laterally and ventrally in the vertebral canal. When performing such an operation, the risk of damage to the spinal cord is reduced, better access for fenestration is better, and nerve roots are well visualized.
Other dogs were given fenestration with a preventive purpose to prevent extrusion in the chondrodystrophic rocks. At the same time, access to the fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc is formed, with a hole cut through which the altered pulpous nucleus is removed. The operation is minimally invasive and relatively safe, since there is no access to the spinal canal and there is no contact with the spinal cord and its vessels. Fenestration is not only a technique of decompression of the spinal cord. It is considered the prevention of the following displacements of the contents of the fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc.
In life-threatening conditions, it is necessary to administer a solution of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in the first 16 hours, and in a delayed state a sterile solution of methylprednisolone acetate. The introduction of glucocorticosteroid agents contribute to the rapid removal of edema, prevention of complications of peroxidation processes and makes it possible to normalize the trophism of nervous tissue.
Responsible implementation of recommendations in the postoperative period, which relates to the limitations of the musculoskeletal system by 50%.
References
S.D. Wheeler, V.B. Thomas (2011). ХХХ [Neurology of small pets]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 127.
D.K. McIntyre, C.J. Drobats, S.S. Haskings, W.D. Saxon (2008). Skoraya pomoshch' i intensivnaya terapiya melkikh domashnikh zhivotnykh [Ambulance and intensive care of small pets]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 165-175.
Lokes P.I, Stovba V.G, Kravchenko S.O, Karisheva L.P, Grischuk A.V (2011). Komp'yuterna, mahnitno-rezonansna tomohrafiya ta inshi suchasni metody diahnostyky u veterynarniy medytsyni dribnykh tvaryn [Computer, magnetic resonance imaging and other modern diagnostic methods in veterinary medicine of small animals]. Poltava, Ukraine: ''Dovkillya-K'', P. 35-47.
Ulanova N. Pervyy v mire opyt ispol'zovaniya endoskopicheskoy gemilaminektomii pri degenerativnykh zabolevaniyakh mezhponkovykh diskov po Khansen tip І u sobak v klinicheskoy praktike [The world's first experience of endoscopic hemilaminectomy in the degenerative disease of the intervertebral disk Hansen type I in dogs in clinical practice]. Mir veterinarii [World of Veterinary Medicine], 2015, no. 6 (27), pp. 48-59.
Yin S. (2008). Polnyy spravochnik po veterinarnoy meditsine melkikh domashnikh zhivotnykh [A complete guide to veterinary medicine for small pets]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 755.
M. S. Karelyn. Diagnostika i lecheniye diskopatiy sheynogo otdеla pozvonochnika [Diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine discopathy]. Mir veterinarii [World of Veterinary Medicine], 2014, no. 2 (18), pp. 26-30.
Curtis W. Dewey., Ronaldo C. da Costa. 2016. Practical guide to canine and feline neurology. Iowa, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Р. 423-437
Fossum T.W. 2013. Small animal surgery. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Elsevier Inc. Р. 1528-1524
Shores A., Brisson B. A. 2017. Current. Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Р. 221 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118711545
Alan John Guthrie. 2000. Lumbar spine stability following hemilaminectomy, pediculectomy, and fenestration. (4): 165-171. doi: 10.1055 s-0038-1632655. Р. 87
Gustaf Svensson., Ulrika S. H. Simonsson., Fredrik Danielsson and Tobias Schwarz. 2017. Residual Spinal Cord Compression Following Hemilaminectomy and Mini- Hemilaminectomy in Dogs: A Prospective Randomized Study. Front. Vet. Sci. 4:42. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00042. Р. 7-12.
Huska J.L., Gaitero L., Brisson B.A., Nykamp S., Thomason J., Sears W.C. 2014. Comparison of the access window created by hemilaminectomy and minihemilaminectomy in the thoracolumbar vertebral canal using computed tomography. Can Vet J 2014;55(5):449-455. Р. 265-267
Krysman Sh., Maryany K., Platt S., Klemons R. 2016. Nevrolohyia sobak y koshek. Spravochnoe rukovodstvo dlia praktykuiushchykh veterynarnыkh vrachei. [Neurology of dogs and cats. A reference guide for practicing veterinarians]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 260-266.
Haulton D. E. F., Taylor P. M. (2016). Travmatologiya sobak i koshek [Traumatology of dogs and cats]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 223-256.
Lamb C. R., Nicholls A., Targett M., Mannion P. 2002. Accuracy of survey radiographic diagnosis of intervertebral disc protrusion in dogs. 43(3):222-8. doi. org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb00994.x. Р. 65-71
Nimand Hans G., Sueter Peter F. 2004. Bolezny sobak. Praktycheskoe rukovodstvo dlia veterynarnыkh vrachei (orhanyzatsyia veterynarnoi klynyky, obsledovanye, dyahnostyka zabolevanyi, lechenye). [Diseases of dogs. A practical guide for veterinarians (organization of a veterinary clinic, examination, diagnosis of diseases, treatment)]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 756-762
Ye.G. Pedachenko, M.E. Polischuk, Ye.I. Slinko, MV. Khizhnyak, Yu. E. Pedachenko, O.M. Honda (2017). Travmatychni ushkodzhennya khrebta i spynnoho mozku [Traumatic damage to the spine and spinal cord]. K.: Ukraine «Interservis», P. 35-67.
V.Ya. Fishchenko, G.P. Guba, A.T. Stashkevich (1997). Spravochnyk po neyroortopedyy [Handbook for neuro-orthopedics]. K.: Ukraine «Uniti-Atlant», P. 65.
Tsimbalyuk V.I, Yaminsky Yu.Ya (2009). Rekonstruktyvno-vidnovna khirurhiya spynnoho mozku [Reconstructive-reduction surgery of the spinal cord]. K.: Ukraine «Avicenna», P. 45-78.
Денни Хемиш Р., Баттервоф Стивен Дж. Ортопедия собак и кошек / Пер. с англ. М. Дорош и Л. Евелева. - М.: ООО «Аквариум-Принт», 2007. - 696 с.: ил.
Denny Hemish R., Butterfow Stephen J. (2007). Ortopediya sobak i koshek [Orthopedics of dogs and cats]. Moscow, Russia: «Aquarium Print», Р. 345-368.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
