Parasitism of micromycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De bary on the dahlia plants (Dahlia cav.) under different weather conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2019.03.002Keywords:
white mold, dahlia, symptoms, meteorological conditions, development of the diseaseAbstract
The white mold of dahlia is a dangerous disease that remains unexplored in Ukraine. In order to study the symptoms of the disease and the impact of meteorological conditions on its development, a study was conducted in 2015–2017 in Kyiv. In studying the diagnostic signs of the disease, a visual examination, and a biological method of diagnosis were used. The development of the disease was estimated at a six-point scale. As a result of phytopathological monitoring, the stalk form of white mold was found. Substantial damage to plants resulted in tissue maceration and fragmentation of stems and peduncles. The development of the disease of the stem led to plant wilting. During the years of research, white mold on dahlia manifested itself in the autumnal period of plant growth during mass flowering. Meteorological conditions have significantly influenced its distribution and development. In particular, in 2015, Sclerotinia white mold of dahlia manifested itself from the first decade of September for a hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of 1.0. In 2016, the disease appeared on plants in the first decade of October, when the HTC was 5.7. The first plants affected by white mold in 2017 were marked by the second decade of September for the HTC 1,2. It was that year when the disease has reached the maximum spread and development, which is due to the presence of precipitation from the second decade of September and until the end of October, as well as the absence of low temperatures during this period. Information about the dates of the appearance of the white mold on the dahlia deserves attention when planning a set of protective measures. In prospect in depth analysis of the influence of various meteorological factors on the development of white mold on dahlia should be used in drawing up models of the prediction of disease development in this culture.
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