Research of varietal resources of grapes in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi5(105).2023.003Keywords:
grapes, varieties, growing season, direction of use, ripeness groupAbstract
Varieties have been studied grapes included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine, and in particular those recommended for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, and an analysis of the dynamics of the creation of varieties by year was made. The general characteristics of grape varieties listed in the State Register and recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine are given. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine as of 2023, there are 61 grape varieties that are recommended to be grown in different soil and climate zones of Ukraine, as well as temporary wine-growing zones of Ukraine. The State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine includes varieties of various uses, namely: table, technical, rootstock and universal varieties.
It is worth noting that there are varieties that have been registered since 1949 and up to 2022, inclusive, which can be explained by the preservation of the high yield of varieties, the quality of products, which is ensured by high plasticity to growing conditions within Ukraine.
According to the duration of the growing season, all grape varieties are divided into: early-ripening, medium-ripening, late-ripening, very late. Quantitatively: early-ripening – 8 varieties, medium-ripening – 5, late-ripening – 6 and very late – 2 varieties. For the forest-steppe zone, it is important to grow earlier varieties, since the sum of the effective temperatures required for one or another variety for the full ripening of berries and the accumulation of sugars in them is of great importance.
In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the right bank of Ukraine, at the research site of the Department of Forestry, Horticulture, Horticulture and Viticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, research was conducted on the study of grape varieties during 2012-2021. Lora (Flora) and Shevchenko grape varieties were studied. It was established that the vegetation period in the Lora (Flora) variety was 118 days, in the Shevchenko variety – 115 days, which is 3 days shorter. On average, over the years of research, the Lora (Flora) variety provided the highest yield – 6.1 t/ha, which is 0.8 t/ha more than the Shevchenko variety. Taking into account the qualitative characteristics of the studied assortment, it is worth noting that the Lora (Flora) variety is characterized by resistance to cracking of berries and does not rot, and the Shevchenko variety showed increased resistance to diseases.
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