Productivity and economic evaluation of growing young bi-axis apple trees depending on budding height and the way of forming two axes

Abstract

Introduction. The article presents the results of studies on the establishment of field similarity of the seeds, plant density, their tillering  and the state of development of plants of modern and new varieties of winter triticale in the autumn period and the influence of these indicators on grain and seed productivity in conditions of irrigation in the south of Ukraine. 

Methods. The studies were carried out on the winter triticale varieties Bohodars’ke, Buket and Rarytet with the use for with the use of foliar fertilization in the spring tillering stage of the Humifild microfertilizers (50 g/ha), Nanomix (2 l/ha) and Nanovit micro (2 l/ha). "Methods of the field and laboratory researches on the irrigated earths" of Institute Irrigated Agriculture (IIA) of  NAAS  2014 to the year. 

Soil of the experimental field is a durk - chestnut, heavily loamy, salt - marsh with content of humus - 2,3%, by a closeness - 1,37 g/cm², by fading humidity - 9,1%, by the least moisture - capacity - 20,3%.

Results. It was established that to obtain seedlings of winter triticale of the Bohodars’ke, Buket and Rarytet varieties, the sum of average daily temperatures of 124,6-146,4 °C with the average daily air temperature during this period is 8,9–12,5 °C. Humidity of sowing layer of soil in the period of sprouting should be 80% LM, and the duration of the autumn vegetation should be about 60 days with the sum of effective air temperatures of 124,2–164,9 ^oС. At such terms a plant accumulate vegetative mass - 200-297 g/m², form 1036-1230 stems/m², at bushyness 3,3-3,9, that in future provides the receipt of the productivity of grain of 6,55-7,57 t/ha with the output of standard seed within the limits 4,22-5,34 t/ha. All varieties of higher grain and seed productivity were formed using micronutrient with the stimulating effect of Nanovit micro (2 l/ha) in foliar application. Yes, the sort of Bohodars’ke at bringing of this preparation provided the productivity of grain of 7,57 t/ha and seed of 5,34 t/ha, Rarytet - 7,11 and 4,88 t/ha and Buket - 7,49 and 5,14 t/ha, accordingly. On average, according to factor B (microfertilizer), foliar top dressing of winter triticale with Nanovit Micro provided seed productivity of 5,12 t/ha, which was significantly more control by 0,73 t/ha and other micronutrient fertilizers by 0,28-0,35 t/ha. In middle on a factor А (sort) the sort of Bohodars’ke formed the productivity of grain and seed - according to 7,28 and 4,98 t/ha, that accordingly on 0,45 and 0,43 t/ha  more than sort Rarytet, and on 0,12 and 0,18 t/ha more than sort Buket.

Discussion. Specifies on that an autumn period for the sorts of triticale winter in the irrigated terms South Steppe of Ukraine is basis of forming of the grain-growing and seminal productivity.