Economic efficiency of elements of technology of growing of wheat winter-annual is in crop rotations of South Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

A decision of problem of increase of production of high-quality grain-growing goods with diminishing of charges on condition of maintenance of the ecological state of environment and increase of level of fertility of soil was and remains a key task for agriculture of Ukraine. The important condition of increase of economic efficiency of production of high-quality grain-growing goods are determination and introduction of effective technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual in the crop rotations of different ground-climatic terms of country.

One of basic measures in relation to stopping and prevention of development of negative processes and crisis phenomena in agriculture there is the scientifically reasonable placing of wheat winter-annual after the best predecessors in crop rotations with application of rational till of soil, optimization of norms of bringing of mineral fertilizers and biologics. In particular, lands are more productively used, potential possibilities of sorts of plants will be realized better, an impurit goes down, influence of wreckers and illnesses diminishes in sowing of agricultural cultures. All of it positively influences on the state of environment, opens additional possibilities of increase of grain-growing products with diminishing of charges on her production.

In opinion of many scientists economic efficiency of agricultural production is a receipt of maximal amount of products from every hectare of plough-land at the least charges. To that end widely use both natural and cost economic indicators. Natural indexes of receipt of agricultural produce taking into account her quality are initial at determination of economic efficiency. The index of the productivity of agricultural cultures represents all system of economic measures and directly influences on the size of other indexes. Among cost indexes major is a prime price that represents the result of all activity of economy from a production to realization of agricultural produce. An unit cost is a cost reflection of charges on a production and realization of products, that allows to draw conclusion about efficiency of growing of agricultural cultures and find the ways of increase of level of profitability.

At the analysis of structure of agricultural unit of expense cost group after economic elements and articles of calculation, id est calculate the prime price of unit of products after separate charges. The lump sum of charges consists of three basic groups: 1) material charges (cost of seed, forage, fertilizers, fuel-lubricating materials, facilities of defence of plants that fully use for the production of goods their cost fully plug in the sum of charges); 2) depreciation contributions (wear of capital and productive assets); 3) payments of labour of employees. A groupment after separate charges gives an opportunity to divide them on economic maintenance with the aim of calculation of complete size of cost of clean products.

Thus, the indexes of economic efficiency and methodology of their determination offered in economic literature are numerous and after the measure of development of market conditions their amount grows, but they unite in the single unit sent to the increase of efficiency of agricultural production. We will be stopped only for those that directly touch the decision of problem of increase of production of grain-growing goods on the basis of effective technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual.

For the calculation of economic efficiency of growing of wheat of winter-annual at the different systems till of soil in scientifically reasonable crop rotations it is necessary right to define the system of associate indexes that must objectively characterize her level. For this purpose we took into account not only general, productive possibilities of every culture (the productivity but also row of other important indexes: cost of gross products, productive charges, unit cost, conditionally net income and level of profitability.

Thus, at the use of the system of without shelves of shallow till of soil got step conditionally net income and level of profitability. Most productive charges got at the differentiated till of soil. With bringing of nitric fertilizers in the norm of N₁₂₀ of maximal value purchased both conditionally net income and level of productive profitability. The best indexes of economic efficiency got at sowing of wheat winter-annual on October, 5. The greatest conditionally net income and level of profitability got in a variant with bringing of mineral fertilizers in the norm of N₃₂P₃₂K₃₂ consonant with the biologic of Gumatal nano. High indexes of economic efficiency: conditionally a net income and level of profitability got in a variant with bringing of mineral fertilizers in the norm of N₆₄P₆₄K₆₄ and application of biologic of Vuksal on a maximal chart.

At growing of wheat winter-annual after peas and mustard white the most is conditional a net income and level of profitability got at bringing of mineral fertilizers in combination with the variants of for a root signup by the biologics of Gumatal nano and Azotofit. In a control variant without bringing of mineral fertilizers and biologics and additional for a root signup by nitric fertilizers conditionally a net income and level of profitability diminished headily, that unsatisfactorily had influenced on economic efficiency of production of grain-growing goods. For the achievement of high and stable economic efficiency of technologies of growing of wheat winter-annual in the short crop rotations of South Steppe of Ukraine with optimization of till of soil, bringing of mineral fertilizers and biologics expedient further research of all factors of influence on her productivity, that it is presently important in the conditions of distribution of the crisis phenomena in agriculture of country.