Characteristics of the formation of single-species and compatible forage agrophytocoenoses of tritical yargo and peas depending on the ratio of components and fertilizer

Abstract

Goal. To determine the peculiarities of formation of agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and field pea in monospecies and compatible crops depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. The results. The results of studies on the features of formation of agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and field pea in single-species and compatible crops according to their density, botanical composition, linear growth, proportion of leaves and leaf surface area depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers, which were carried out annually during 2020-2022, are shown. on chernozem soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe. Conclusions. Fodder agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and common pea in single-species and combined crops are formed with a density of 567-1760 shoots per 1 m2, triticale bushiness of 2-5 shoots per plant and a height of 87-104 cm. Single-species sowing of spring triticale and its mixture with common pea are denser in the ratio of 75:25% alfalfa-cereal and cereal grass. Spring triticale is characterized by a greater height than field peas. Application of fertilizers and, to a greater extent, N₄₅P₄₅K₄₅ than 250 kg/ha of humigran organic fertilizer applied in pre-sowing cultivation as well as symbiotic nitrogen of seed pea in a binary mixture increases the height of spring triticale by 5-6 cm, and bushiness by 1 shoot/plant, and with their combined application - respectively on 10-11 cm and 2 shoots/plant. Linear and metameric growth of spring triticale increases with an increase in the number of seed peas in the grass mixture. In joint sowing of spring triticale with pea, the share of each of the named components in the harvest increases with the increase of their share when sowing in grass mixtures. In trikale spring, the increase in leaf surface area (from 14.3 to 41.5 thousand m₂/ha) occurs in the period from the end of tillering to the beginning of earing, in pea this period is more extended and lasts from shoot formation to the end of budding, increasing from 10.0 to 41.8 thousand m₂/ha.