Determination emergency situations in the food industry and decision support system

Abstract

Solving the problems of production management at food industry enterprises with modern and promising methods requires the use of fundamentally new approaches, which is caused by a sharp complication of both the management objects themselves and the more stringent requirements for the efficiency of management of technological objects. For food production is characterized by instability of the process due to changes in the influence of parameters on its course. There are a number of measures to stabilize the conditions of the technological process, but they can only reduce instability, so the control algorithm should change during the process depending on the current situation in production. Therefore, the management of the Electrotechnological complex of food production as a complex object should be systematically coordinated not only in accordance with the goals, objectives, resources and expected results, but also in the efficiency and effectiveness of interaction in the real world of an emergency situation.

The authors propose a systematic approach to the solvable problem, in which the entire cycle of the technological process passing from the input stream of raw materials, including the treatment of wastewater from production, to the decision-making process, is investigated. An important element of the system of forecasting and decision-making is a database in which knowledge is accumulated on the basis of consideration of unusual situations occurring at the enterprises of the food industry. In this case, the frequency of industrial accidents is not so great and the same type, so that there is a real opportunity to train and train the personnel responsible for making decisions, and the consequences of non-optimal solutions can be significant. In limited time, the use of standard instructions on personnel actions in emergency situations turns out to be ineffective, since only an intelligent system of forecasting and decision-making can, in view of the current state of the electrotechnological process and equipment, model and propose optimal solutions. Therefore, the task of creating a system for controlling the technological complex of food production, based on systems of artificial intelligence with prediction and support of decision-making in emergency situations, is relevant. The urgency of this work is also determined by the fact that efficient control systems of the Electrotechnological Complex give an opportunity in various branches of the food industry to ensure the production of high quality products with a significant reduction in the cost of its production.

Thus, despite the measures to maintain a given technological mode of operation and minimize the losses of the electrical technology complex of an enterprise, the human factor often interferes with the production process. The presence of automation and control systems at the control and operator points can lead to both positive and negative results. Any wrong decision of the dispatcher to control automation systems can lead to significant costs of raw materials, financial losses and environmental disasters. Especially critical is the human factor in an emergency situation, in which, in addition to the psychological component, the time factor acts. Since abnormal situations in food production occur frequently, and their consequences significantly affect the resource and energy efficiency of production, there is an urgent need to predict and recognize an abnormal situation, to provide information support to dispatch personnel, to take urgent and adequate measures to localize it.

The purpose of the research is to determine the classification of emergency situations resulting from the transition from the standard to the emergency mode of the electro-technological complex of food production and to develop a decision support system for monitoring in real time in order to localize the predicted or detected emergency situations.

As a result of the analysis of the functioning of the technological complex of food production, the following causes of the emergence of abnormal situations have been identified:

- termination of supply of energy - due to a sudden disconnection of electricity or reduction of gas pressure in the pipeline supply at the gas-separating point;

- structural violations - associated with any structural violation in the work (failure of electrotechnical equipment, pipeline impulse, etc.);

- parametric deviations - any violation of the given electrotechnical mode of operation, recorded as a deviation of the parameters of the operating modes of the control system.

The various situations of the non-regular regime indicate the practical necessity of rational actions in conditions of uncertainty of different nature and multi-factor risks. The main idea of the developed management strategy is to ensure the timely and reliable detection and recognition of the TcxV in the real conditions, assessment of risk factors, forecasting their development during a certain operating mode, and on this basis ensuring timely elimination of the causes of the risks before failures and other unwanted consequences.

In control activities, along with the basic function of control of the technological process, a significant role is taken by decision-making function. In this regard, the task is to develop and improve the information-algorithmic provision of the monitoring system of the enterprise's electrical processes in real time in order to localize predicted or detected by monitoring of unusual situations.

The software and hardware complex of the monitoring and decision support system (DSS) is developed, which for the normal functioning should receive data SCADA-system of automated production management. The DSS system predicts the possibility of an emergency situation, determines the existence of a non-emergency situation, is able to simulate the possible risks and consequences and issue recommendations to the dispatcher. The basic part of the DSS is the module for analyzing the impressions of process technology sensors, and the main part of the DSS dispatch should be the ability to predict the risks and consequences of the use of a decision of the controller.

The main task of the monitoring complex is to reduce unplanned production stoppages and simple equipment in case of emergency situations due to the forecasting of the operation of the electrotechnological complex and the increase in the speed of the controller's reaction.

The use of traditional multicriteria optimization methods for making decisions on managing electrotechnological systems of food production is impossible, due to the need to process and analyze large volumes of poorly structured information. Thanks to the creation of decision support systems, it is possible to obtain effective methods of analysis and forecasting in the field of complex electrotechnological processes characterized by large volumes of information that is poorly formalized by logical conclusion procedures for decision-making. For effective functioning of the developed system it is necessary to fully implement automated workplaces of all the specialists of the enterprise. The developed decision support system will work only in the advisor-consultant mode, without any action, while the dispatcher can completely ignore the message system and act independently, but the recommendations of the DSS can significantly improve the quality of acceptable solutions.