Study of ways to reduce the costs of heat carriers in the NULES OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The energy supply problem is becoming more acute every year. Heat in the training buildings and student doms comes from the combustion of gas or other solid fuels, the stocks of which are rapidly decreasing. As a result, we are seeing a steady increase in energy and energy tariffs. Today, the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine uses more than 200,000 m3 of gas, 14,000 Giga calories of heat energy, 6 million kilowatts per hour of electric energy and 230 thousand meters of cubic cold water during the year in the communal services. The cost of energy is more than 30 million UAH per year.

The research was conducted with the aim of finding new possibilities for energy saving and helping business entities in determining the directions of their effective energy use. Methods of energy audit were used in conducting researches.

The working day in training buildings lasts 8 hours. It's the third part of the day. It is necessary to maintain comfortable conditions - the temperature is more than 18 degrees at this time. The power of the heat point can be reduced to a minimum during off-hours, which will exclude the occurrence of accidents in heating networks from overcooling at negative external temperatures. Of course, the minimum thermal output during off-hours must be scientifically based, as technically as economically. Therefore, it is necessary to make a certain compromise solution taking into account all known factors during forming a flow control algorithm. This is the main lever for reducing the cost of the heat carrier. Of course, doing this is not quite easy, because the rooms are characterized by thermal inertia. We conducted research on measuring the thermal characteristics of educational buildings. The fixed time values change from 10 to 75 hours. Initiated modelling of thermal losses of educational buildings was conducted on the basis of experimental data and taking into account the thermal characteristics of the enclosing structures of buildings.

Payments for the consumed heat energy have also decreased significantly over the last 5 years due to the introduction of energy-saving technologies. Implementation of such arrangements and changes in the tariff policy on electric energy provided the University with savings in actual size of the amount of 45.6% of the consumed heat energy, 53% of cold water supply, 8% of electric energy and 37% of gas in 2018 compared to 2014. In addition, Private Joint-Stock Company DTEK "Kyivenergo" refund the university expenses for the co-utilization the electrical grids from 2018, which is more than 150 thousand UAH per year.

Continued work on installation of accounting and automated regulation of heat energy, creation of a unified centralized information and measurement system with the subsequent dispatching of heat points, electric energy, cold water and gas will provide an opportunity to carry out operational monitoring of energy resources, to monitor the energy and electrical load, which will lead to a reduction the consumption of them on average by 30 - 35%, which means that the savings will be saved for the university.

Keywords: energy saving, natural energy resources, energy saving technology, audit, energy management.