Якість соняшникового меду, отриманого в умовах радіоактивно забруднених агроландшафтів Полісся

Abstract

Проведено дослідження центрифужного, стільникового, забрусового соняшникового медів, отриманих в умовах радіоактивного забруднення Полісся, на відповідність вимогам якості та безпеки ДСТУ 4497:2005 «Мед натуральний. Технічні умови».

Встановлено, що за органолептичними і фізико-хімічними властивостями забрусовий мед відноситься до вищого ґатунку, а центрифужний та стільниковий – до першого. В медах не виявлено ознак бродіння, механічних домішок, пестицидів ДДТ та гексахлоран. Вміст важких металів та цезію – 137 не перевищував гранично допустимі рівні. В середньому масова частка води у соняшниковому меду становила 17,6 %, масова частка відновлювальних цукрів 89,9 %, діастазне число 32,6 од. Готе, кислотність 32,1 м-екв / кг, значення яких відповідають вимогам національного стандарту.

Pure honey is one of the food products which is the most frequently subject to adulteration. The most widespread adulteration is that of sugar honey, artificially inverted sugar and honey with the saccharose admixture.

Due to the anthropogenic pollution of the natural environment, the studies of the safety indexes in the honey products took on particular significance. Foreign harmful substances, such as heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, antibiotics penetrate into the honey products from the environment and due to the violation of a number of technological processes of the industry.

Under the conditions of essential expansion of genetically modified organisms among the agricultural crops, the control of the ecological quality of the nectar and pollen-bearing plants is necessary.

Judging from the above, the study was aimed at researching the quality and safety indexes of the sunflower honey obtained under the conditions of radiologically contaminated Polissia Region.

In the process of study the mean-power bee families and mother bees of Ukrainian breed of the second year of life were engaged.

The samples of the comb honey were taken using the envelope method which provides for the selection of five parts of 25cm2 from each comb. The selection of the pumped off and capped honey as well as determination of their organoleptic and physical and chemical indexes was conducted according to DSTU 4497:2005 “Pure honey. Technical Conditions”.

To establish the radiation safety of the honey the gamma-spectrometric method was applied. The heavy metals were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The flowers and pollen of the sunflowers were studied for the presence of genetically modified organisms using the method of real-time polymerase chain reaction through planting the promotor target sequences 35S of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the terminator NOS (T–NOS) plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

It was found that the studied samples of the sunflower honey obtained under the conditions of radiologically contaminated Polissia Region, according to the quality and safety indexes comply with the requirements of the national standard of Ukraine. According to the complex assessment result, the capped honey is of superior quality and the pumped off and comb honey is of the first quality. No signs of fermentation were found in the honey, as well as no mechanical admixtures or pesticides. The content of contaminating substances did not exceed the maximum permissible levels.

The lowest content of water was observed in the samples of the comb honey 15.5%, and the highest content of the renewable sugars in the capped honey 95.5 %.

On average, the mass fraction of water in the sunflower honey amounted to 17.6 %, the mass fraction of renewable sugars 89.9%, diastatic number 32.5 un. Acidity 32.1 milliequivalents, the value of which complies with the national standard requirements.

The flowers and pollen of the sunflowers do not contain the genetically modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with the target promotor sequences of 35S and NOS- terminator.