The actual morphodynamic processes within complex natural monument “Stil’ska”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2017.04.059Abstract
The spatial distribution of dangerous morphodynamic processes patterns within complex natural monument “Stil’ska” are analyzing. In addition, outlining factors and preconditions of intensive exogenous processes development. The features of erosion, landslide, subsidence-talus, karstic-suffusion, biogenic and anthropogenic processes distribution within economy “Stil’ske” and its environs are considered. Systematizing consequences of dangerous morphodynamic processes development. Creating a maps and models series that reflect features of destructive processes display.
Within framework of project “Development and implementation of activities aimed at preserving natural and historical environment of complex nature monument of local significance “Stil’ska”, including its main component – settlement of IX–XI centuries" we carried out an assessment of current state of monument. In particular, the degree of damage of natural-historical environment by dangerous morphodynamic processes was determined, reasons, factors and conditions of destructive processes display are established, prediction of changes in state of natural-historical environment and grounding of the activities system aimed at optimizing monument condition, protecting the objects of historical environment from destructive effects of morphodynamic processes.
Geologic-tectonic and natural-geographical features of natural monument “Stil’ska” led to a close connection between relief structure, distribution and activity of actual morphodynamic processes. In the study area actively developing a ravine erosion, sliding and karstic-suffusion processes. By field mapping revealed 97 forms of surface karst (44 of which were in active development stage), 30 active landslide centers, and an active ravine erosion (up to 60 places of growth of ravines) was monitored. The highest activity of morphodynamic processes are observed within places located in upper part of Zatinok and Khymyna Valley streams, as well as slopes, confined to suburbs, between the first and second lines of the defensive shafts. It has been determined that activation of ravine erosion is influenced by natural factors (high erosion potential of relief, considerable rainfall and high intensity of rains), as well as human economic activity.
Active development of morphodynamic processes creates threats and led to destruction of monument historical environment objects, first of all, earth trunks, ditches, houses and roads. Since the potential for the growth of ravines varies change between 152 to 300 m, risk of historical and cultural objects destruction as linear erosion, as well as landslides and karst, is very high. Under influence of erosion and landslide processes, not only the historical environment but also the abiotic and biotic components of landscape are destroyed, in particular, the windbreaks are activated, which lead to increased flat erosion and karst-suffusion processes and cause loss of plantings by pests and diseases, which reduces esthetic value and worsens monument ecological condition.
Key words: natural monument, morphodynamic processes, development, ravine erosion, landslides, karst, suffusion, bogging.
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