GNSS - monitoring of deformations in disturbed territories for construction applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2026.04.0%25pKeywords:
GNSS monitoring, technogenically disturbed territories, geodetic monitoring, ground deformation, autonomous GNSS reference station, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), geodetic support for construction, static GNSS observations, spatial displacements, geodynamic processesAbstract
This paper addresses the relevant scientific and practical problem of improving geodetic support for construction on technogenically disturbed territories through the implementation of modern Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies. A considerable proportion of areas affected by mining activities are characterized by the development of slow deformation processes that may adversely affect the stability of building foundations, engineering structures, utility networks, and infrastructure facilities. Consequently, there is a growing need for a high-precision monitoring system capable of providing timely detection of ground surface displacements and forecasting the development of hazardous geodynamic processes.
The objective of this study is to provide a scientific basis for and develop a comprehensive methodology for GNSS-based deformation monitoring of technogenically disturbed territories intended for engineering surveys, design, construction, and operation of civil and industrial facilities. The proposed methodology is based on the application of autonomous GNSS reference stations, high-precision static GNSS observations, advanced GNSS data processing software, and statistical methods for coordinate time-series analysis.
The study proposes the design of an autonomous GNSS reference station integrating a multi-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS receiver, a solar-powered autonomous energy supply system, a control unit, a wireless communication module, and a local data storage unit. The proposed technical solution enables long-term continuous operation of the monitoring network with minimal maintenance requirements. The originality of the developed design is supported by a patent application, demonstrating the practical significance of the proposed monitoring system.
Optimal parameters for organizing static GNSS observations are substantiated, including observation session duration, satellite signal sampling interval, observation frequency, satellite constellation geometry requirements, and quality assessment criteria. In addition, a GNSS data processing workflow based on Bernese GNSS Software, GAMIT/GLOBK, Trimble Business Center, and Leica Infinity has been developed, providing automated coordinate determination for monitoring benchmarks, generation of deformation time series, and statistical assessment of the reliability of the obtained results.
Received: 28.07.2026;
Accepted: 12.08.2026;
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