Rational use agricultural lands: problems and prospects of their solution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2016.01.076Abstract
Use of land resources in Ukraine should be viewed in the context of multipurpose using, which defined by the legal norms of land use purpose.
The absence of an effective land cadastre system significantly complicates the state control over land use and protection, lack of conditions to stimulate soil protection activities on agricultural lands.
In the conditions of the functioning of new forms of economic in agriculture, there is a significant deterioration of the ecological state of lands, Therefore it is necessary not only theoretical and methodical provision of measures for rational use of lands, but their effective and practical implementation in production.
The aim of the research were an analysis of the current state of the use of agricultural lands, and also finding waysщо забезпечують охорону, which provide protection, conservation and restoration of soil fertility.
One of the most effective agrotechnical measures, which can be regulated processes of humus formation is is soil tillage. From methods of soil tillage depends the character of receipt of fresh organic matter, intensity of mineralization and humification and their general direction in the plow layer of soil at the start of the rotation of crop rotation humus content in being studied soil was 3,88-3,89 % in 0-15 сm and 3,81-3,84 % in 15-30 сm soil layer. On the seventh year of the experiment in non fertilizered variants occurred decrease in the content of humus to 3,80 in the upper and 3,69% in the lower layers of the soil.
To maintain the soil fertility and achieve its expanded reproduction, economy of power resources and sustainable development of agricultural production need to use soil protecting of farming, designed for the specific conditions of the economy.
Protection of agricultural lands has to be one of the main measures of regulation of land relations in Ukraine.
The main areas of sustainable land use should be:
- Development and implementation of national and regional programs of land protection and restoration of soil fertility;
- Improving the principles of ecological and landscape landmanagement;
- Improving the legal framework of protection of agricultural lands;
- Efficient use of arable land in agricultural enterprises through the introduction of of evidence-based crop rotation and ordering of lands;
- improving the ecological condition of agricultural land as an important component of ncreasing ecological and economical efficiency of potential of land recourses.
Keywords: rational use of land, soil fertility, conservation farming.
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