Characteristics of intantible assets as object of accounting and specificities determinantion of it's valuation

Анотація

There is discussed the accounting treatment of intangible assets in the article. The authors note that intangible assets are the result of economic and technological developments. On this basis, the classification of economic eras according to the relationship between the use of tangible and intangible assets has been considered. The article also highlights the main criteria for intangible assets, namely legal and economic. The authors note that intangible assets are a group of balance sheets in which the intellectual resources of the new economy could be reflected. It is noted that UNAS 8 «Intangible Assets» does not contain a certain part of the sections, are reflected in IFRS 38 «Intangible Assets», in particular, separate acquisition of an asset and acquisitions as part of the business association, purchase by means of a State soil etc. Accounting systems and items relating to intangible assets are considered. Intangible assets, and especially intellectual capital, are considered to be an important source of deepening capital in European countries, albeit with significant differences among countries. It is noted that one of the biggest challenges in accounting for intangible assets is their valuation and, according to certain requirements of the legislation of the entity at the balance sheet date, may revalue at fair value, but if there is no active market, the revaluation may be carried out on the basis of an expert assessment of the subject of the evaluation activity. The authors maintain that the prestige or importance of intangible objects can be assessed by expert judgement, as there are many factors that constrain the implementation of the exceptional features or properties characteristic of these objects. The authors discussed various methods for valuing intangible assets and the priorities for applying expert valuation approaches to intangible assets and intellectual property objects in foreign practice. The article also deals with statistical data on the value of intangible assets in the balance sheets of enterprises of Ukraine.