Morphogenesis of typical chernozem and izogumusol under longterm tillage use

Abstract

Chernozems involvement in agriculture influence some natural transformation processes in the soil profile leading to corresponding changes in the morphological features of genetic horizons and their properties. The aim of our research was to identify the morphological changes of typical chernozem and isohumusol under the long-term tillage influence. In the article were compared similar Mollisols, which were formed due to chernozemic process, Forest-Steppe region and loess, but under influence of different facial conditions. The study was conducted at a research station in Velyka Snitynka village, Fastiv district of Kyiv region (50°5′N, 30°2′E) and at the National Agroecosystem Research Station in Hailun, China (47°126′N, 126°38′E). There was used comparative geographical, morphological and statistical research methods during studying. Our findings have defined, that H and H + Hp horizons were deeper by 0.7-5.8 and 9.8-22.4 cm at isohumusol, H + Hp + Phk + P (h) k horizons - by 27.3-53,1 cm - at typical chernozem due to additional 38.4-42.3 cm horizon made of mole influenced loess enriched with humus incrustations. The upper H horizon was the deepest under plowing: 54.3 – at typical chernozem and 55.0 cm – at isohumusol and shortened under minimum till - 48.2 cm – at typical  chernozem. Humus horizons had more brown colors: 10YR 3/2, 10YR5/2 - 10YR5/3 - at isohumusol and gray colors: 2,5Y 3/1 - 2,5Y 5/3, 10YR 4/2 - 10YR 5/2 - at typical chernozem. Conservation tillage effects on closer, to the soil surface, humus horizons placement, better aggregation of granular peds, the profile has higher amount of up and down oriented pores between aggregates, carbonates boil in the lower part of the upper transition horizon. Chernozem profile acquires some characteristics of their virgin analogues under conservation technologies use.