Characteristic of morphological features of vegetative parts of trees endangered apple varieties of the Transcarpathian region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2019.02.081Keywords:
apple tree, resistant varieties, organic growing, preservation of the gene pool, morphological features of the treesAbstract
In Transcarpathian region there are all conditions for development of organic gardening. For its implementation, local varieties that have developed resistance to major diseases over the centuries and adapted to local soil and climatic conditions can be used. Aboriginal varieties disappear and are replaced by new, popular varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the gene pool of these varieties for use in breeding and possibly in organic production technologies.
When cultivating varieties in tree nurseries it is necessary to study the varietal anatomical and morphological characteristics of seedlings well, which makes it possible to distinguish them among themselves in the absence of fruits. That was the purpose of our research.
The best varieties with high productive indices without the use of pesticides were allocated (Polovanya, Krasa Zakarpattia, Solivarske, Batul, Durnayka, Shtetin red, Ferkovanya). All these varieties are resistant to major diseases, including scab, and partially to powdery mildew and cancer. Morphological characteristics of trees described in accordance with the methodology of description of varieties. During the years 2015-2018, summer grafting (budding) and spring grafting were carried out on M9, MM-106, apple seedlings rootstocks. An estimation of the growth power of seedlings on these rootstocks was made.
We have come to the conclusion that most of them: Durnayka, Solivarske, Polovanya, Ferkovanya have a strong power of growth; Krasa Zakarpattia and the Stetin red have moderate power of growth and Batul has a weak one.
These varieties have the perspective of using in intensive organic orchards while a condition of growing them on the corresponding rootstocks. All varieties have good compatibility with M9 and MM-106 rootstocks, which are most commonly used in industrial orchards in Ukraine.References
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