PROTECTION PEAS AGAINST PESTS AND DISEASES IN UKRAINE

Анотація

In Ukraine, the disease of peas (downy mildew, root rot) and pests (pea weevil, pea aphids) occur annually. In terms of the Kiev region infestation downy mildew threshold pods of different varieties of peas compose from 8.0 to 40% and the damage of pea weevil - 11,5-13,5%.

Pea aphids, settling on peas bodies of young tissue (tops stems, shoots, young leaves, buds, flowers, ovaries, young pods) sucks the juices polluting plants sticky droppings, which often settle saprophytic fungi. As a result, plants are very become weak, and the mass settlement to dry from the top. In surviving stems significantly decreases the number of buds, flowers and ovaries, pods  deformed, with fewer seeds and low sowing quality. With the strong long reproductions aphids can reduce grain yield by 50-60%, and in some cases - up to 90%.

The purpose of this study - improvement protection from pea downy mildew  and  pests- pea weevil and pea aphids. To achieve were putting task to determine damage of downy mildew, pea weevil and pea aphids, and the impact of seed treatment on his crop quality, productivity, disease development and population of pea plants pea weevil and pea aphids.

Materials and methods research. Experimental studies were during 2008-2010 in "Krivorozhstal" Dnipropetrovsk region (v. Field Work), NDH "Chabanu" NAAS Institute of Agriculture of Ukraine Kyiv region.

 Results. Accounting development pea root rot show that prevent the development of disease can advance treatment of seeds  fungicide fundazol (2 kg / t). Thus, in the field where seeds treatment of fundazol energy seed germination was higher by 4.7% compared with nontreated seed and field grows - by 4.0%. Analysis of biometric indicators confirms that the treated plants (2 kg / t) were 3.8 cm greater height, 1.7 inches - the length of roots, mass of plants was higher by 0.42 g of nitrogen-fixing nodules were more bacteria by 18.2 units. Treatment pea seeds fundazol helped reduce root rot lesions plants, downy mildews and higher productivity plants and consequently, yields.

Analysis of the population of pests peas showed that aphids were settled 60% of plants (score 3), pea weevil  - 14 copies per 100 strokes entomological net.  Research has established that  weevil oviposition dependent on the type of peas.

Analysis of seed peas on pea weevil damage to  show that the treated plants in beginning of flowering the number of damage grains in one kilogram were 100 pieces. (2.5%), and  on the nontreatment - 441 seeds (12.6%). Development pea aphids on  peas on day 14 was limited to 4.3%.

Summary:

1. On the crops of peas dangerous diseases and pests as in the steppe (Dnipropetrovsk region and steppe (Kiev) zones are root rot, downy mildew, pea weevil and aphids.

2. Treatment seeds fundazol (2 kg / t) reduces to 2.9 times the destruction of plant root rot, the degree of damage pea pods from downy mildew is reduced by 18.8% and harvest increased by 5.6 kg / ha.