EFFICIENCY OF POTATO GROVING IN DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH WESTERN FOREST AND STEPPE IN UKRAINE

Анотація

Technology economically viable production is the level according to that the main goal is achieved, i.e. providing competitiveness of commercial product that fully ensures adequate income.

Structural elements of profit as economic category are production costs and the cost of gross national product.

Thus, income is considered as an object of studying, in other words, - the mechanism of it development; subjects being the instruments of research (i.e., implements for problem solving): technological map of crop growing; price lists of raw materials and the end products, equipment and accessories, vehicles and farm machinery, etc.

The aim of studying in the context of the object demands paying attention upon such basic problems as productivity of plantations, production consumption, prime costs of commercial produce, profitability and paying capacity of production as a whole.

Technological map of Control (St) and experimental (SV) variants were made according to the price version "A", integrated presentation in table 1, as the calculations of production costs.

According to the calculations the sum of immediate (direct) production costs was in control (St) - 8765 uah/ha; in the experimental variant- 7661 uah.

1104 uah reducing costs is closely connected with certain distinctions in technologies (methods) of potato growing, namely: in experimental variant a reduced volume of soil-cultivating works (jobs); simplificated seeding management, fundamentally was changed technology of planting and harvesting operations. During the planting process in the experimental version instead of wrapping up the tubers into the ground, they are covered with straw, and in the harvesting straw is removed from the field, and tubers are left on the soil surface. There is no need to undermine and pick the tubers up from the soil in the period of vegetation management the surface technology of planting is not provided for to wrap up plants (crops) and to loosen rows. Thus, the savings in fuel materials; were – 584,91 uah (32,5%), respectively on amortization calculation – 313,6 USD (20,7%), repair works – 100 uah (19,3%)/

Economic efficiency technology of potato growing was determined according to price version "A" – 967,61 uah/centner), "B" - (383 uah/centner) and "V" - (80 uah/centner).

According to the price 67.61 uah/centner potato yield in Control (St) was estimated in 12508 uah, version (variant) (SV) - 15280; difference in 2772 uah (22,8%) was noted down in favour of SV (version). Along with higher money estimate of yield (SV) that was distinguished in 1104 uah (12,6%) less production cost. The sum total of these positives provided profit (income) in 3876 uah/ha at 71,6% dependently on yield increase at 4,1 t/ha and 28,4% from the savings of technological costs. In final (definitive) calculation the paying capacity (profitableness) in potato growing with version SV was 99,5% at 56,8% higher than version St.

Even better potato economy was shows with the price of potato at 3830 uah/t (version “B”). According to this price profit in varient SV was 168070 uah/t; where 15703 uah or 93,4% was obtained with high commercial price.

Price in 800 uah/t according to that traders bought potato is the lowest one in Ukraine, but it provided (demonstrated) high level of profitability - from 68,9% (St) to 136% (SV).

Therefore, potato, in South-western part of Ukraine is the profitable crop in price limits from 67-80 uah/centner and higher with typical (comb) technology it is considered, as average one, for the years of researches yield (18,5 t/ha) provided paying capacity from 42,7% to 708% and surface method (technology) of planting is revealed as 0,4 centner/ha more yielding thanks to that fact the level of profitability was constantly increasing at minimum (i.e. comparative price – 99,5% to maximum price 103,0% (yield – 22,6 t/ha, money (cash) income - 78 897 uah/ha, prime cost – 33,9 uah/centner.