Patterns of formation of maternal immunity in calves. prediction of immunodeficiency

Анотація

There are two critical periods in the formation of resistant state in body of newborns – one of them immediately after the birth of animals (changing the terms of the functioning of the body) and the other by changing the type of feeding. In both cases an important role in shaping the immune system plays an acid-base balance of the body. Acidosis condition make a negative impact on shaping the immune system. Purpose – to establish the laws of formation of  immunoglobulins and total protein in serum of newborn calves during the first 36 hours of life under the experimental acidosis and alkalosis. Calves involved in research immediately after birth and watched by them within the first 36 hours of the life. The samples of  the serum were tested for  total protein in biochemical analyzer of  the blood parameters Microlab-200 firm "AVL" (Germany). Protein range of serum, including total content of immunoglobulins (Ig), investigated by the method of vertical gel electrophoresis in 10 % polyacrylamide gels with 0,1% solution of DS-Na on the system AVHE-1 "Hyyu-Kallur." As a result of our studies was found , that in the moment of  the birth and before  the first watering of colostrum, calves  serum have low levels of total protein (48,70±0,76 g/l) and trace protein content  y-globulin fraction. During the first days of life we can observe intense increase in total protein (43 %) compared with the original data. Maximum values of total protein content becomes in 36-th hour of calves life (72,70±0,20 g/l). Along with changes in the level of total protein, in serum of calves in 24- and 36-hour life that normally observed significant increase in the concentration of IgG in 4,3 and 5 times according to the time of observation. The regularities of intensity changes of total protein and IgG in serum of calves during the first 36 hours life, which is also called artificial state of acidosis and alkalosis, became the basis of calculation proposed indicator intensity changes of  blood immunoglobulins (coefficient ICIB).Its calculation involves determining the ratio of the concentration of immunoglobulins (SIg) and total protein (PRSP) in serum of newborn calves in the first hour of life (before watering colostrum) and 24- and 36 th hour of life according to the formula:

Where ICIB – coefficient characterizing the intensity of changes of blood immunoglobulins against the total protein concentration of  serum of newborn calves first 36 hours of life; S_Ig – concentration of IgG in the serum of calves (g/l); PRSP – the concentration of total serum protein (g/l).The physiological significance of this factor for calves at 1 h of life (before watering colostrum) – 0,05 (0,04–0,06), 24 hours of life – 0,14 (0,13–0,15) in 36 hours life – 0,15 (0,14–0,16). As a result of analysis of the coefficient ICIB can be argued, that the presence of calves during the first 36 hours of life in a state of acidosis accompanied by the formation  scarcity levels of antibodies in serum and demonstrates the tendency to the formation of immunodeficiency condition of the body, and susceptibility of these animals to neonatal pathology. Conversely, calves in the above period, were in a state of artificial alkalosis, showed improvement of immunity and high value of this ratio. Thus, the determination of the coefficient ICIB proposed for use in applied veterinary medicine for diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of immunodeficiency state of the  body in newborn calves and in preventive and therapeutic technologies in neonatal pathology for the safekeeping and cultivation of healthy livestock farm animals.