MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION AT JOINT GROWING WITH BLUE LUPINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2016.06.012Keywords:
blue lupine, spring wheat, fertilizers, stems standing, ear, flower, grain, reduction, productivityAbstract
One of the problems of blue lupine growing sits low competitiveness to weed-infested crops and the lack of sufficient protection against weeds. Tightening up planting lupine with cereals component (adding the scheme) leads to suppression of weed plant communities with phytocenoses, allowing to obtain yield of grain without chemical crop protection. The productivity of the cenoses due to compensatory mechanisms are stable for years and can exceed the yield of components of single-species crops. However, the literature data on the morphophysiologicalfeatures of formation agrocenosesproductivity, particularly cereals component are missing, indicating the feasibility of such studies and their relevance.
The purpose of research – to create the agrocenosesof blue lupine with spring wheat with optimal density, to identify fertilization rate variant, which will result in its largest total yield stable for years.
Results of study. During the period from VI to XII stages of organogenesis level of stems density losses in the single-species planting of spring wheat in the control was 11 % of the density in phase VI, and the joint cultivation with blue lupine these losses were 10 % higher. The maximum loss of stems have noted in the variant with application N30P45K45. Losses in compatible crops were at the level of control, and single-species crops increased to 17 %. Adding N60P90K90 made possible to reduce the stems reduction in single-species crops to 7 %, and at joint cultivation with blue lupine - up to 12 % compared to 21 % in control.
In the control during the period from VI to IX stage of organogenesis the density reduce of spring wheat stems for joint cultivation with blue lupine was 61 % of all losses and from IX to XII – 39 %. In the variant with fertilizing by rate N60P90K90 dynamics of loss has somewhat different character: the loss of stems from VI to IX stage decreased by 16 % and most of them (55 %) was lost from IX to XII stage of organogenesis. Implementation of productive stems in compatible crops ranged from 79 % in the control to 88 % when fertilizing and was lower compared to the single-species spring wheat planting.
In single-species plantings of spring wheat number of spike lets in the ear on VI stage was at 18,3 for the rate of N60P90K90 against 16,8 in the control variant. The number of them incompatible crops varied from 17,7 to 18,2 in the control - by making the largest dose of fertilizer. This dependence is preserved until XII stage of organogenesis. Implementation of ears in control without fertilizer was 84 % in single-species crops and 80 % - in compatible crops. For a dose of fertilizer in N30P45K45 the parameter was 80 % for both methods of cultivation, and with increasing doses of fertilizers to N60P90K90 implementation of ears increased to 82 % for both methods of cultivation.
The degree of implementation of laid flowers on compatible crops is 25-30 % in single-species planting - 26-32 %.
Calculation of the realization rate of the potential yield into the actual on stage VI showed that the index varies in planting single-species from 16 to 19 %, and in joint crops - from 12 to 16 %. Variant of compatible crops in which obtained the highest productivity of spring wheat by making N60P90K90 formed a potential yield at VI stage of organogenesis, which in actual implementation was 16 %.
The yield of spring wheat in compatible crops in variants without fertilization in average was 1,95 t/ha for making P45K90 – 2,09 t/ha N30R45K45 – 2,74 t/ha N60P90K90 – 3,36 t/ha at single-species planting level – 3,07, 3,46, 3.65 and 3,84 t/ha. In average for the years of research maximum yields of spring wheat was in variants that included the rate of seed lupine narrow 1,2 million pcs./ha, spring wheat – 3,5 million pcs. perha, in variant without fertilizers the yieldwas 2,03 t/ha. At the rate P45K90 the level of index grew by 0,11 t/ha, with the fertilizing N30P45K45 and N60P90K90 - by 0,82 and 1,49 t/ha.
Conclusions. For spring wheat plants growing on a joint with blue lupine favorable conditions were created for the growth, development and yield formation compared to single-species crops, as evidenced by morphological analysis. The maximum grain yield of spring wheat of Rannia 93 varietywas in crops compatible with blue lupine formed in variant, which involved making N60P90K90 – 3,36 t/ha for the index insingle-species sowing 3,84 t/ha. Implementation of potential yield on VI organogenesis stage in the actual was 16 and 19 %.
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