HISTORICAL FEATURES AND CURRENT STATE OF THE NETWORK OF PARKS-MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART OF THE UKRAINIAN POLISSYA

Анотація

Planning and development of evidence-based measures to optimize and improve areas of  landscape gardening, green spaces ancient parks, has its specific features in comparison with other categories of nature conservation areas. Therefore, one of the most important aspects is the study of the history of formation and development dynamics of the network of protected parks. Based on this data, it is necessary to introduce a system of constant monitoring of their condition, taking into account the presence dendrosozofits, ancient trees and other valuable plants in the composition of parks dendroflora.

The aim of our study was a complex analysis of the history and conditions of formation the network of parks, monuments of  landscape art (PMLA) of Ukrainian Polissya, including in the context of administrative regions.

Literary analysis shown that a number of publications was dedicated to the history of formation the network of ancient parks inUkraine.

Construction of parks and ornamental gardens inUkrainehas a long history. To understand the history of formation the network of PMLA, 47 modern objects were selected as the subject of our study.

Within administrative regions the network of PMLA has a number of different objects and areas, quite developed comparing with other categories of protected areas. The most representative is Zhytomyr region (ZR), which territory has 18 PMLA (38,3%) and Chernihiv region (CR) – 10 PMLA (21,3%). In Volyn region and Rivne region (VR, RR) seven PMLA are placed (14,9%). The less representative were Kyiv region,Sumyregion (KR, SR) - two PMLA in each, and Khmelnytsky region (KmR), which contains only one PMLA in Polissya part.

Thus, we can conclude that the history of formation the network of PMLA in Ukrainian Polissya generally reflects the progress of the historical process of formation of garden and park complexes inUkraine. The vast majority of them were established on the basis of natural lands because their owners had free choice of sites for construction the park and prefered scenic landscapes, which are the richness of  Polissya land. A group of so-called manorial estates garden and park complexes is dominant. For example, Ushomirsky PMLA in ZR, which is based in naturaloak forestand Kachanivsky PMLA in CR was established on the basis of natural oak-grove and others. Recreational parks were created in the XIX-XX centuries ("City Garden" in CR). In some parks there are memorial constructions, with the compositional center as a sculpture or an obelisk, to this group can be attributed Vysokivsky PMLA in ZR (established in 1963) and Stolnensky PMLA in CR. Collection areas, which later became dendrological parks ("Bayrak" and "Zdorovya" in VR). Gorodnyansky PMLA in CR is dendrological park, was created in 1965 by the team of teachers and pupils of the boarding school.

The current condition of most of PMLA is neglected without proper care, except parks, located in the cities that are regional and district centers. During the survey of PMLA in some of them the measures for improvement were not found. Tree stand develops as a normal forest stands of natural regeneration of trees with lack of care of green areas, which only formally is natural reserve fund ofUkraine.

Considering the structure of PMLA according to the size, small parks (from 5 to 15 hectares) are dominated. Among the largest parks should be noted Slovyansky PMLA (27,5 hectares) in VR, park named after Yu. Haharin and Chervonsky PMLA (36,0 hectares), park named after Mikluho-Maclay (29,6 hectares), Julino (25,0 hectares) in ZR, Vozdvyzhensky (42,6 hectares) and Kochubeivsky (22,0) in SR, Lyzohubivsky (22,0) in CR.

Well-formed network of PMLA in Ukrainian Polissya due to significant period of development contains valuable specimens of dendrosozofits, including ancient trees, so has scientific value and is a subject for conservation.