HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS
Abstract
Thermal stress is a typical summer-time problem in high-yield
dairy cows, regardless of the geographical location of milk production enterprises,
and differs only in its degree of intensity. Increasing the incidence of thermal stress
is likely to be a clear consequence of global climate change, which affects dairy
cattle breeding and is due to an increase in the temperature of the environment.
Thus, it is projected that Ukraine's dairy industry will operate in a warmer
environment in the next decade, with increased demand for high-efficiency
industries. Therefore, developing dairy farmers must be prepared for global climate
change, and their veterinary support has to be adapted to these changes. It is
necessary to evaluate the risks of thermal stress in dairy cows at the level of
productivity and profitability of the dairy industry critically. In case of thermal
overheating the behavior of cows, physiological processes, energy balance and
the state of the antioxidant system in their organism change, what causes
decrease of milk quality (decrease in the content of fat and protein), productivity
(reduction of dietary intake), deterioration of the general condition, reproductive
capacity, increased risk of occurrence scar acidosis, mastitis, endometritis and
others. To prevent cow’s thermal stress the temperature and humidity index (THI)
should be monitored within ˂ 72, with a temperature of not more than 24 ° C and a
humidity of ≤ 70%. It is also necessary to change the conditions of retention and
feeding timely and qualitatively to reduce the effect of thermal stress on high-
yielding cows.
Keywords: highly productive dairy cows, heat stress, temperature-
humidity index, body temperature, thermoregulation, cardiovascular
insufficiency
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