Selected factors affecting the table eggs quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/poultry2023.07-08.026Keywords:
chickens, food eggs, protein, yolk, shell, egg quality, factorsAbstract
The global egg market is experiencing significant growth, indicating a rising consumer interest in eggs as a valuable source of high-quality protein, fats, essential vitamins and minerals. Ensuring the quality of table eggs poses challenges for producers and researchers seeking to standardize quality and explore functional food opportunities. The study provides an overview of factors influencing table egg quality, focusing on pre- and post-laying determinants. Egg weight, trait crucial for consumer choice, is influenced by multigenerational breeding efforts and laying hen origin. It is also affected by the laying management practices and environmental conditions, with varying effects reported in scientific reports. The strength of eggshell, predominantly composed of calcium carbonate, is essential for protection but decreases with hen age, necessitating additional mineral supplementation. Shell cleanliness and colour (affected by genotype) influence consumer preferences regionally. Albumen, constituting over 60% of an egg's weight, serves as protection and hydration for the yolk and embryo. Its dense fraction indicates the egg freshness. Yolk, rich in essential nutrients, varies in proportion and colour, influenced by genotype, environmental factors, and dietary pigments. Consumer yolk colour preferences, often influenced by stereotypical beliefs, contribute to regional differences in selection. This drives research efforts aimed at improving egg quality, safety, and ethical production standards, while also addressing welfare concerns. With a growing emphasis on health and sustainability among consumers, future research is expected to prioritize meeting these expectations while catering to diverse preferences.References
Aygun, A. (2014). The relationship between eggshell colour and egg quality traits in table eggs. Indian Journal Animal Research, 48 (3), 290-294. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.061. [in English].
Batkowska, J., & Brodacki, A. (2014). Wpływ mycia skorupy na wybrane cechy jakości jaj kurzych w czasie przechowywania (Effect of washing on selected quality traits of hen egg shells during storage). Zywnosc: Nauka, Technologia, Jakosc, 2 (93), 204-213. doi: 10.15193/zntj/2014/93/204-213. [in Polish].
Batkowska, J., & Brodacki, A. (2017). Selected quality traits of eggs and the productivity of newly created laying hen hybrids dedicated to an extensive rearing system. Archives Animal Breeding, 60 (2), 87-93. doi: 10.5194/aab-60-87-2017. [in English].
Batkowska, J., Drabik, K., Brodacki, A., Czech, A., & Adamczuk, A. (2021). Fatty acids profile, cholesterol level and quality of table eggs from hens fed with the addition of linseed and soybean oil. Food chemistry, 334, 127612. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127612. [in English].
Batkowska, J., Brodacki, A., & Gryzińska, M. (2016). Effects of laying hen husbandry system and storage on egg quality. European Poultry Scence, 80, 1-10. doi: 10.1399/eps.2016.158. [in English].
Beardsworth, P. M., & Hernandez, J. M. (2004). Yolk colour–an important egg quality attribute. International Poultry Production, 12 (5), 17-18. [in English].
Biesiada-Drzazga B., Janocha A. (2009). Wpływ pochodzenia i systemu utrzymania kur na jakość jaj spożywczych. Zywnosc: Nauka, Technologia, Jakosc, 3 (64), 67-74. [in Polish].
Bussiness Research Group. (2023). Retrirved from https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/egg-global-market-report.
Calik, J. (2013.) Zmiany cech jakościowych jaj, pochodzących od kur nieśnych żółtonóżka kuropatwiana (Ż-33), w zależności od warunków ich przechowywania. Zywnosc: Nauka, Technologia, Jakosc, 2 (87), 73-79. [in Polish].
Castellini, C., Perella F., Mugnai, C., & Bosco, A. D. (2006). Welfare, productivity and qualitative traits of egg in laying hens reared under different rearing systems. XII Europ. Poult. Conf., Verona, 10-14 September, Italy, 1-5. [in English].
Drabik, K., Karwowska, M., Wengerska, K., Prochniak, T., Adamczuk, A., & Batkowska, J. (2021). The variability of quality traits of table eggs and eggshell mineral composition depending on hens’ breed and eggshell color. Animals, 11, 1204. doi: 10.3390/ani11051204. [in English].
Ferrante, V., Lolli, S., Vezzoli, G., & Cavalchini, L. G. (2010). Effects of two different rearing systems (organic and barn) on production performance, animal welfare traits and egg quality characteristics in laying hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8 (2), 165-174. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2009.165. [in English].
Gondek, M., Szkucik, K., & Bełkot, Z. (2013). Wpływ różnych systemów utrzymania kur na zanieczyszczenie powierzchni jaj bakteriami chorobotwórczymi. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 69 (6), 374-377. [ in Polish].
Gornowicz, E., Lewko, L., & Szablewski, T. (2013). Ecological management system as a factor influencing egg yolk quality. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 58 (3), 161-164. [in English].
Hartmann, C., Johansson, K., Strandberg, E., & Wilhelmson, M. (2010). One-generation divergent selection on large and small yolk proportions in a White Leghorn line. British Poultry Science, 41 (3), 280-286. doi: 10.1080/713654930. [in English].
Hunton, P. (2005). Research on eggshell structure and quality: an historical overview. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (2), 67-71. doi: 10.1590/S1516-635X2005000200001. [in English].
Jones, D. R., Musgrove, M. T., & Northcutt, J. K. (2004). Variations in external and internal microbial populations in shell eggs during extended storage. Journal of Food Protection, 67(12), 2657-2660. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2657. [in English].
Kralik, Z., Radišić, Ž., Grčević, M., Kralik, G. (2013). Comparison of table eggs quality originating from hens kept in different housing systems. Proceed. of XV European Symp. on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products and XXI Europ. Symp. on the Quality of Poultry Meat 1-5. [in English].
Kucukyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Yamaner, C., Cınar, M., Catlı, A. U., & Konak, R. (2012). Effect of an organic and conventional rearing system on the mineral content of hen eggs. Food Chemistry, 132 (2), 989-992. doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.084. [in English].
Lewko, L., Gornowicz, E. (2011) Effect of housing system on egg quality in laying hens. Annals of Animal Science, 11 (4), 607-616. doi: 10.2478/v10220-011-0012-0. [in English].
Lordelo, M., Fernandes, E., Bessa, & R. J. B., Alves, S. P. (2017). Quality of eggs from different laying hen production systems, from indigenous breeds and specialty eggs. Poultry Science, 96 (5), 1485-1491. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew409. [in English].
Mikova, K., & Bovskova, H. (2009). Optimization of egg white foam forming. WPSA, Proceedings of the 13th Europ. Symp. on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, Turku, Finland, 21-25, 1-10. [in English].
Monira, K., Salahuddin, M., & Miah, G. (2003). Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (2), 261-263. doi: 10.3923/ijps.2003.261.263. [in English].
Park, K. W., Rhee, A. R., Um, J. S., & Paik, I. K. (2009) Effect of dietary available phosphorus and organic acids on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18 (3), 598-604. doi: 10.3382/japr.2009-00043. [in English].
Roberts, J. R. (2004). Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science, 41 (3), 161-177. [in English].
Rodriguez-Navarro, A., Kalin, O., Nys Y., & Garcia-Ruiz, J. M. (2002). Influence of the microstructure on the shell strength of eggs laid by hens of different ages. British Poultry Science, 43 (3), 395-403. doi: 10.1080/00071660120103675. [in English].
Roland Sr, D. A. (1988). Research note: egg shell problems: estimates of incidence and economic impact. Poultry Science, 67 (12), 1801-1803. [in English].
Roll, V. F. B., Briz, R. C., & Levrino, G. A. M. (2009). Floor versus cage rearing: effects on production, egg quality and physical condition of laying hens housed in furnished cages. Ciencia Rural, 39(5), 1527-1532. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782009000500034. [in English].
Samiullah, S., Omar A. S., Roberts J., & Chousalkar, K. (2017). Effect of production system and flock age on eggshell and egg internal quality measurements. Poultry Science, 96 (1), 246-258. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew289. [in English].
Spada, F. P., Selani, M. M., Coelho, A. A. D., Savino, V. J. M., Rodella A. A., Souza M. C. & Canniatti-Brazaca, S. G. (2016). Influence of natural and synthetic carotenoids on the color of egg yolk. Scientia Agricola, 73 (3), 234-242. doi: 10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0337. [in English].
Świątkiewicz, S., Arczewska-Włosek, A., Krawczyk, J., Puchała, M., & Jozefiak D. (2015). Dietary factors improving eggshell quality: An updated review with special emphasis on microelements and feed additives. World’s Poultry Scirnce Journal, 71 (1), 83-94. doi: 10.1017/S0043933915000082 [in English].
Terčič, D., Žlender, B., & Holcman, A. (2012) External, internal and sensory qualities of table eggs as influenced by two different production systems. Agroznanje, 13 (4), 555-562. doi: 10.7251/AGREN1204555T. [in English].
Tsai, W. T., Yang, J. M., Lai, C. W., Cheng, Y. H., Lin, C. C., & Yeh, C. W. (2006). Characterization and adsorption properties of eggshells and eggshell membrane. Bioresource Technology, 97 (3), 488-493. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.050. [in English].
Zita, L., Tůmova, E., & Štolc, L. (2009). Effects of genotype, age and their interaction on egg quality in brown-egg laying hens. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 78 (1), 85-91. doi: 10.2754/avb200978010085. [in English].
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
