Epizotic situation regarding chicken infectious bronchitis virus and bacterial co-infection

Authors

  • O. O. Nechypurenko ,
  • O. A. Ivashchenko ,
  • S. I. Hatash ,
  • K. V. Shargorodskii ,
  • M. O. Ekimova ,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/poultry2024.03-04.008

Keywords:

infectious bronhitis, lesions, immune presure, antibodies level, colibacillosis

Abstract

Considering the significant variability of the chicken infectious bronchitis virus and the complication of the pathological process due to secondary bacterial infection, which in the complex leads to significant economic losses, the assessment of the epizootic situation of this disease is relevant for the improvement of existing and the introduction of the latest control methods. That is why the aim of the work was to assess the epizootic situation regarding the infectious bronchitis virus in meat and egg poultry farms in some regions of Ukraine, as well as to investigate the impact of infectious bronchitis on the development of secondary bacterial infection. The study was conducted in 2024 at four egg and meat producing poultry farms in Khmelnytskyi, Lviv, Rivne, Chernivtsi, and Odesa regions. Blood serum were collected from broiler chickens at the slaughter period, as well as from laying hens, to assess the level of antibodies against the infectious bronchitis virus. Regarding the results of the serological examination, clinical, and pathomorphological examination, it was performed PCR with subsequent typing of the circulating infectious bronchitis virus. The presence of bacterial co-infection was determined using a routine microbiological examination. 432 samples of blood sera were analyzed. Clinical signs and pathological lesions were found only in 50% of the examined samples. Fibrinous tracheitis and edema, kidney hyperemia were main detected at broiler farms however the kidney atrophy and the formation of follicular constrictions were identified in laying hens. The main histological changes characteristic for the infectious bronchitis virus were atrophy of the ciliated layer of the mucosal epithelium and thickening of the submucosa of the trachea due to lymphocyte-macrophage infiltrates, as well as in the case of infection with variant strains – nephrosis and nephritis. The assessment of the epizootic situation and the significance of the infectious bronchitis virus in the pathological process is possible only with a comprehensive analysis of the results of serological, histological, and molecular biological research, which allows to assess the intensity of immunity, the nature and degree of pathomorphological lesions, as well as to detect the RNA of the pathogen.

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Issue

No. 3-4 (2024)

Section

Veterinary Science

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