Phytonicidic properties of plants regarding fungi of the Aspergillus genus

Abstract

Poultry breeding is a powerful branch of the agricultural sector. Many types of cereal crops, which make up the fodder base used for feeding poultry, can be infected with spores of Aspergillus fungi. This leads to a high level of morbidity and serious economic losses in farms of various types. The relevanvce of the topic is represented due to the necessity of finding of effective ways to fight or suppress the development of fungi of the genus Aspergillus with the help of certain plants and their phytoncide properties in relation to a certain genus of fungi. Purpose: to analyze the phytoncide properties of plants against fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Research methods: cultivationof Aspergillus fumigatus is carried out on Chapek agar. In the research process, the method of paper discs and diffusion in agar were implemeneted. The peculiarities of the conducted research on determination of fungicidal activity of such medicinal plants as black walnut and walnut (leaves and fruits of milk-wax and full ripeness), rosehip (dried fruits and roots), carnation (fruits), calendula (flowers), turmeric, chamomile (flowers) on the variety of fungi Aspergillus were described. For each plant used, the botanical characteristics were given and the chemical composition was indicated. By studying the effect of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants on the studied microbial cultures, high fungicidal activity of tinctures of walnut fruits and leaves and black walnut fruits and leaves was established. In our experimental conditions, the nature of growth in comparison with the control is heterogeneous, the colonies are flat, in Aspergillus fumigatus completely colorless, in Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus discoloration of colonies was observed in the sectors of interaction with aqueous extracts of medicinal substances. For all other medicinal plants used in the experiment, a low effect on microbial cultures was recorded.