Efficiency of reproduction of dairy cattle with application of different biotechnological methods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.01.077Keywords:
dairy cattle, embryo transfer, insemination, sexed semen, reproduction efficiencyAbstract
The use of biotechnological methods, especially the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transplantation, is important in dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the research was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of four methods of fertilization of heifers and cows using traditional artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen (1-group), insemination with cryopreserved sexed semen (2-group), embryo transplantation of fresh (3-group) and frozen (group 4)embryos. The experiment showed a tendency for a decrease in the number of inseminations per conception in groups of animals inseminated with sexed semen (1.2 insemination),transplantation of fresh embryos (1.1 insemination) and frozen embryos (1.0 insemination) compared to using traditional artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen (1.3 insemination). Days open was the lowest in the groups where the embryo transplantation was used (fresh embryos -118.0 days and cryopreserved embryos – 76.8 days, respectively). A multivariate linear model was used to evaluate the influence of major organized and genetic factors such as the season of the year, sire (the cow's father), the reproduction method, the age at first fertile insemination and the milk yield in the first lactation. All of these factors, except for milk yield in 305 days of lactation, significantly influenced the number of inseminations per conception with the influence from 2.9 % (season of the year) to 8.9 % (age at insemination), while influence of the reproduction method was 3,7 %. As to days open, only the season of the year had a significant impact on this trait with an influence of 4.7 %. Thus, certain advantages of the method of traditional artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen and sexed semen were revealed. Applying the method of margin income, high efficiency of transplantation of fresh embryos was noticed, which made it possible to make a profit (under conditions of sale of heifers at a fixed price of 90 UAH per 1 kg of live weight). To cover the costs of frozen embryos transplantation, the minimum price should be in the range of 120-150 UAH per kg of live weight of calf, or 67 th. UAH per head.
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