The influence of individual breeding of youth pigs with various stress sensitivity on their productive qualities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.01.043Keywords:
pigs, technology, retention, stress, productivity, metabolismAbstract
Farm animals are characterized by a high degree of herd organization. The process of group formation causes a strong stress response in the animal due to the need to establish a certain ranking order in the group. The more often groups are regrouped and completed, the more intense and prolonged the stress reactions, the more pronounced are their negative effects, which are manifested in a decrease in growth energy, an increase in morbidity, etc. They respond especially strongly to the regrouping of highly productive animals. The aim was to study the characteristics of growth rate, metabolism, fattening and meat characteristics of young pigs with different stress sensitivity in different conditions of their rearing. The studies were conducted in the LLC «Tavriysky svyiny» in Skadovsk, Kherson region. According to the purpose of research at the end of the suckling period, the degree of stress sensitivity was determined in piglets according to the method of V.O. Ivanov et al. The young, whose swollen spot size varied within 1.1-, was assigned to stress-resistant, stress-prone and stress-doubtful. 1.5; 2.1-2.5 and 1.6-2.0 cm. After selection, three groups of young animals were formed (I - stress-resistant; II - stress-sensitive; III - mixed (50 % - stress-resistant; 50% - stress-sensitive)), in each of 40 animals, the pedigree of the experimental pigs was the same (¼W×¼L×½P). The studies were conducted using conventional methods. The implementation of a system of technological measures for the separate rearing of young pigs with varying sensitivity is an important reserve to increase the production of pork, its nutritional value and consumer properties. Stress-sensitive young animals, which were raised in the absence of competition for life with stressed animals reached a live weight of 100 kg 2.8 days earlier, had a higher gain of 25.7 g (P > 0,999), at lower feed costs – by 1.7 %. In these animals, the meat content of the carcass is 63.2 %, which is 0.1 % more than the stress-sensitive ones that were grown together with the stress-resistant ones and 0.98 % (P > 0.95) lower than the stress-resistant index, which were contained in the first group. Meat has a higher nutritional value and nutritional properties than stress-sensitive ones, which were grown with stress-resistant animals, but somewhat lower than those of stress-tolerant animals. Separate rearing pigs with varying sensitivity affects the carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in the body. In animals of group III (50 % -stress-resistant; 50 % -stress-sensitive) glucose levels tend to decrease compared to stress-sensitive ones, which were grown separately and stress-resistant by 16.5 and 30.3 % (P > 0.95). Intensive use to provide increased levels of metabolic processes and the development of the stage of stress resistance, as well as the depletion of glycogen deposited stocks. Given the relatively low glucose level with the high triacylglycerols, it can be assumed that the animals in the experimental groups were characterized by intense energy exchange. The results obtained determine the prospects for further research.
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