Створення стійких до гербіциду євро-лайтнінг відновлювачів фертильності кондитерського соняшнику за використання іноземних гібридів

Анотація

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EURO-LAYTNING SUSTAINABLE TO GERBICIDES OF FERTILIZERS OF THE CONFECTIONERY FOR THE USE OF FOREIGN HYBRIDES

L.O. Riabovol, I.A. Rakul

Sunflower is the most economically attractive crop in Ukraine. One of the priority areas in the selection of sunflower is the creation of hybrids that combine high yields, resistance to pathogens, adaptation to different agro-ecological conditions of cultivation and high quality products. Creation of such hybrids is possible only with the involvement of a diverse source material with high donor properties in the selection process. Creation of hybrids, suitable for cultivation with modern energy-saving technologies with resistance to herbicides, in recent years has developed rapidly in the world. Consequently, the creation of samples of sunflower resistant to herbicide Euro-Laying is an important issue of breeding.

Today, the Clearfield® production system, which uses sunflower oil hybrids, is resistant to herbicides of the imidazolinone group, this problem is addressed.

For the resistance of sunflower plants to the Euro-layering herbicide, one semi-dominant Imr gene is responsible. To ensure resistance to the herbicide in the production of commercial sunflower, the gene must be in a homozygous state. It is allowed to change the color of the leaves (the effect of yellow flash) and partial growth stops. This is most often observed in stressful conditions (high temperatures, moisture deficit in the soil, etc.). These changes are gradually disappearing within 14 days.

The purpose of the research was to create a restorer of fertility in sunflower confectionery direction using a group of imidazolinones-resistant herbicides for the use of hybrids of foreign origin.

On sections of hybridization, crosses of varieties of confectionery sunflower Lakomka, Zaporozhye confectionery, Hungarian, Kharkov confectionery with hybrids of foreign origin were carried out.

The first generation of hybrids was self-pollinated, and the second one was analyzed. Selected for herbicide resistance, the plants were isolated to prevent uncontrolled cross-pollination. To facilitate the identification of resistant forms, materials with a marker sign "stem branching" were used.

In the course of the research it was established that in the second generation all plants were resistant to the Euro-Layinging herbicide. This testifies to the resistance to herbicide of parental forms of hybrids, which greatly simplified the selection of the required forms.

With the use of hybrids of foreign breeding, lines have been created for fertilizer restorers of sunflower confectionery (K404/15, K452/15, K453/15, K435/15), which are resistant to imidazolinone group herbicides. The samples produced yielded at a level of 0.9 t/ha.

The use of stem branching is an effective marker for identifying sunflower fertilizers.