Structural Peculiarities of English Multicomponent Terms of the Biotechnology Sphere

Abstract

Abstract. The terminology of various branches of science and technology has recently attracted the attention of linguists. It is explained by the development of science and technological progress, which leads to the intensive development of terminological systems. The rapid development of the field of biotechnology leads to the rapid formation of its terminological apparatus, which makes relevant linguistic research related to the study of a new terminological system. The improvement of scientific objects, the discovery of new phenomena and their properties require more precise names. As a result, there is a complication of the terminological apparatus due to terms containing additional components and allowing a more detailed presentation of scientific phenomena and processes. In this sense, the study of multicomponent terms in the field of biotechnology is very relevant, since it allows you to better understand the directions of development of its terminological system, as well as to identify the features of the structure and semantics of complex terminological complexes in the studied area.

The purpose of the research is to identify the structural types of multicomponent biotechnological terms in the English language.

Results of the research. Тhe results of the analysis of multicomponent terminological phrases in the field of biotechnology are presented in the  article . The reason for turning to the study of multicomponent terminological phrases is the fact that modern science and technology are developing in an interdisciplinary direction, as a result, complex concepts arise that cannot be described in simple one-word terms. As a result of the analysis of multicomponent terms in the field of biotechnology, the prevalence of three-component terms was revealed with a tendency to increase in the components in the term due to the constant complication. In the course of the analysis of the linguistic characteristics of multicomponent terminological word combinations, their structural models were determined, and the component composition was considered. One of the main structural features of multicomponent terms is the frequency of occurrence of its individual components. As the number of elements in the multicomponent terms of biotechnology increases, so does the number of structural models. Increasing the number of components of multicomponent terms leads to a decrease in the frequency of their appearance in the scientific text. It was found that increasing the length of multicomponent terms is associated with increasing the accuracy of expression of the concept, with decreasing its ambiguity, because with increasing number of elements of a multicomponent term decreases the degree of its polysemy.

Conclusions. Understanding the structure of the multicomponent terms is necessary both to establish general trends in special terminology and to identify interdependencies within a terminological phrase. The latter, in turn, makes it possible to understand the typological features of the structure of multicomponent linguistic units, to determine the semantic connections within them, which is a necessary condition for a successful adequate translation of the multicomponent terms into another language.