Assessment of the environmental impact of different systems of broiler chicken meat production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/poultry2021.09-10.019Keywords:
poultry farming, broiler chickens, meatproduction systems, ecological burden, environment, global warming potential, eutrophicationAbstract
In recent decades, the planet's climate has been changing rapidly, and these changes are associated mainly with anthropogenic activities. It has been established that human activity is the main source of emissions of greenhouse gases and substances, leading to acidification of land and eutrophication of water bodies. Human consumption of non-renewable resources is also rapidly increasing. In this regard, anxiety is growing in the world caused by the negative impact of human activity in all spheres on the environment, the search for the most environmentally effective technological and technical solutions is being carried out. Although the production of broiler chicken meat is not considered one of the most environmentally “dirty” technologies in agriculture, nevertheless, as in other industries, reducing the negative impact on the environment is an urgent problem. The main systems for the production of meat for broiler chickens include intensive, freerange and organic systems. There is a lot of debate about which one is the most environmentally friendly. However, until recently, there was little fundamental research on this issue, or they were limited only to the actual cultivation process. Therefore, the results obtained did not fully reflect the impact of a particular system on the environment. But, in recent years, the methodological approach to the study of this issue has changed. The studies began to take into account the entire "life cycle" of meat production of broiler chickens (Life cycle assessment). The purpose of this review was to analyze the results of these studies, to assess the negative environmental impacts of various broiler chicken meat production systems and to identify possible ways to reduce them. The results of the analysis did not confirm the widespread opinion that the organic system of meat production of broiler chickens is the most environmentally friendly, but, on the contrary, according to most indicators, this turned out to be its antipode – an intensive system. At the same time, all broiler meat production systems can be improved from an environmental point of view.References
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