THE FEATURES OF INDUCED MORPHOGENESIS OF POTATO SOLANUM TUBEROZUM L.

Abstract

A sterilization scheme was selected for in vitro seeding of the 'Virgo' and 'Revenge' potatoes, which consisted of sequential processing of 70 % C2H5OH (1 min) material, followed by transfer in 0.1 % HgCl2 (10 min) and 3 times washing sterile distilled H2O (10 min). The efficiency of sterilization was 100%. Plants had a minimum level of contamination by microorganisms. When introduced into the culture of in vitro seedlings of the 'Colombo' variety, they were washed in a soap solution with the addition of 1-2 drops of Twin-20. Sterilized according to the same pattern as the seeds. The effectiveness of sterilization was 30%. The reason for this is the lack of penetrating sterilizing material in the tissue and the high level of contamination by microorganisms. Seeds and seeds were transferred to a non-hormonal nutrient medium. The implants were subcultured on a modified nutrient medium MS supplemented with kinetin (0.5 mg / l) and ascorbic acid (0.6 mg). The study of the morphogenetic potential of different genotypes of potatoes showed that plants of the middle-aged varieties 'Revench' and 'Virgo' showed weak sprout formation, a small length of plants (2-3 cm) and slow growth of roots. For somewhat different characteristics, the average varieties of Colombo are different. There was observed the formation of lateral shoots and their intense growth, high reproduction rate, intensive growth of shoots (up to 15 cm in height) with evenly spaced leaves, a large number of internodes and a well-developed root system. The thickness of plants is an indicator of their potential energy growth, because the leaves - the place of determination of physiological processes occurring in plants. On plants there were formed from 5 to 15 pieces of leaf blades. The main process of reproductive development of potato plants is bulbous formation. In the process of microbubling, one of the main conditions is the hydrocarbon and hormonal factors that affect the photoperiodic reactions of bulb formation and growth reactions, as well as the complex of biochemical processes. Microbubbles of the 'Revenge' variety were planted on the MS medium with kinetine (0.5 mg / l) and cultured in a culture room for 8-10 days at a temperature of 14-15 ° C. As a result of the research, a certain correlation was established between the growth intensity of the shoots and bulbous formation. Active bulb formation began when growth of shoots slowed down or stopped at all. The most beneficial for cultivation was the nutrient medium of the MS with the addition of 0.5 mg / l - kinetine, 20 g sucrose and 1 mg ascorbic acid, which significantly stimulated bullous formation. Microbubbles had an oval or elongated shape, a dark green color and a size of 5 mm.

Thus, as a result of the research was the study of the peculiarities of plant morphogenesis in vitro, which are important for the ontogenesis of plants, the selection of optimal conditions, the expansion of the genetic spectrum of the source material will enable for accelerated and qualitative reproduction.