INVESTIGATION OF EFFECT OF VERMICULTIVATION ON THE MICROFLOOR OF THE SOLID ORGANIC BIOMASS OF THE BIOGAS COMPLEX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/biologiya2018.287.143Abstract
In agroecosystems, the microbiota acts as one of the factors of soil-forming processes, plant nutrition and the phytosanitary state of the soil. It is known that the fertility of soils is closely related to the activity of soil microorganisms.
Functioning of the soil microflora is one of the important factors contributing to soil formation. This microflora includes micromycetes, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, streptomyces, phosphatumobilizing and spore-forming bacteria.
Recently, producers of the agrarian sector have a preference for environmentally friendly fertilizers that do not accumulate in soil, water bodies and foodstuffs. The experience of many countries of the world testifies to the promising and relevant use of biological biotransformation of organic waste by vermiculturing. That is, the use of earthworms of the genus Eisenia. The product of vermicultivation is a biohumus. The biohumus contains amino acids, macro- and trace elements, vitamins, antibiotics and enriched with a useful microflora.
As a result of methane fermentation in the biogas complex after the separation stage, solid organic biomass remains. This organic fraction is an interesting and promising object for biotransformation by means of vermiculturing in order to increase its biological value, as biofertilizers.
Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare the quantitative and qualitative composition of ecological trophic groups of microorganisms isolated from solid organic biomass and biohumus, obtained by vermicultivation.
Materials and methods. For the processing of solid organic biomass after methane fermentation, the technology of vermicultivation was used. The process of biotransformation was provided by a population of earthworms of the genus Eisenia, which specializes in the processing of rigid substrates. The process of vermicultivation lasted 50 days.
Various nutrient media were used to study the quantitative composition of various ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms of biohumus and organic biomass: MPA, Saburo, starch-ammonia agar, Chapek-Doksa, nutrient medium of Menkina.
Morphological signs (shape, size) were studied by staining smears on Gram. Identification was carried out using the Bergi determiner.
Quantitative and qualitative composition of ecological trophic groups of microorganisms of the obtained biohumus was investigated in comparison with control. Organic biomass no-biotransformation acted as control.
It was established that for 20 days of the experiment, the number of micro-micrets in the biohumus increased 7,0 times, for 30 days – 19 times, for 50 days – 15 times compared with the control.
The number of actinomycetes per 20 days of vermicultivation increased by – 1,4 times, for 30 days – by 2,2 per 50 days – by 3 times, and the amount of ammonifiers for 20 days increased by 1,2 times, for 30 days – by 1,7 times, for 50 days biotransformation – in 2,0 times in comparison with the control.
Thus, the highest content of microorganisms of various ecological trophic groups was observed for 30 days of studies in biohumus, which was obtained by vermicultivation in comparison with control. This suggests that in the process of processing a population of worms of the genus Eisenia, the organic biomass enriches with a large amount of soil-friendly microorganisms.
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