THE ANSWER OF POPULATIONS HUNTING MAMMAL FAUNA IN PROTECTED BIODIVERSITY MEASURES (FOR EXAMPLE CHERNIHIV REGION)

Abstract

The last years in the territory of the state it is established increasing of the area of the reserved territories at nationwide and regional levels [3, 10]. At the same time, a question of efficiency criteria determination of nature protection actions and their quantitative reflection, in our opinion, it is left out of sight of scientists and it needs to study. One of methods of biodiversity conditiondetermination and its use in economic conditions of today is system data analysis of monitoring of wild animals functioning in the country being objects of hunting. According to Ukraine legislation, such monitoring is carried annually out by users of hunting lands. It has been established that long-term average values of populations number of a partridge grey and a lepus considerably correlate with MSA index that allows to use debugged monitoring system of these types for control of an ecological condition of surrounding environment in the conditions of South Steppe of Ukraine.

The purpose of researches consisted in the analysis of statistical interrelation between dynamics of the reserved territory and populations number of economically valuable types (objects of hunting) of a region teriofauna.

The research during 1992 - 2013 has been covered about 3 million hectares of various biotopes Polissia and Forest-Steppe left-bank natural zones of Dnieper Lowland of Chernihiv region (it constitutes nearly 90% of the region territory), which as hunting lands are provided in use to specialized enterprises for maintaining hunting economy. The structure of the investigated habitats is altered by man and natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems. Oncharacter of land use Chernihiv regionis considered as the country agrarian region. During research the agricultural familiarity of the territory constituted about 65%, and ploughing - 44%.

It is established by research that from 1992 to 2013 in the conditions of Chernihiv region at increase in total area of territories and objects of naturally- reserved fund of Ukraine there was a reduction of number and density of populations of elk, red deer, wolf and red fox. At the same time there was an increase in number and density of populations of European roe deer,wild boar, grey hareand raccoon dog. At the same time changes of reserved differently correlate with changes of populations condition of the animal studied types.

So, for 21 observation years it is established considerable, with probability of a mistake ≤ to 1%, direct correlation link of total area changes of territories with the nature protection status and number and density of populations ofa European roe, wild boar and raccoon dog. At the same time, it is established similar on the importance, however the return correlation communication of total area changes of the protected territories and number and density of population a red fox. Lack of correlation communication of area changes of the specified territories and number and density of populations of an elk, red deer, greyhareand wolf is also established.

The main determinants of the regularities determined by experiment, in our opinion, is internally population and external anthropogenic factors, such as biological peculiarities of the researched types, peculiarities of agricultural familiarity of the territory and modern agriculture, and also the level of anthropogenic pressure on predators during hunting.

By determination of efficiency of nature protection actions for creation of the territories and objects of naturally-reserved fund of Ukraine and forming of a national ecological network in the region, it is possible to summarize that during research of their implementation it did not led to recovery of populations of an elk, red deer, grey hare and red fox and, generally, the ecological condition of ecosystems of the region in the context of steady use of a biodiversity has not been stabilized.