FEATURES OF REPRODUCTION OF RARE PLANT SPECIES OF THE ORCHIDACEAE FAMILY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2016.04.008Keywords:
rare species, the Orchidaceae family, reproductionAbstract
Reproduction is one of the most fundamental properties of living organisms. This process often acts as a critical factor of the sustainability of rare plant species due to the small number of individuals in their populations. While the indicators of reproductive sphere are of crucial importance mainly for the group of rare species, as they determine the stability of populations, there are only a few studies on reproduction of this species group.
Reproduction is a specific way of propagation of new individuals within a population. The reproduction of species is determined by a number of young plants that have appeared by vegetative or generative propagation during the growing season and remain viable. This stage can be critical in plant life and cause their rarity. Though there is a large amount of scientific information on the peculiarities of reproduction in flowering plants, the peculiarity of vegetative and sexual propagation of rare plant species has been generally understudied.
The purpose of the study is to define the peculiarities of production process of three rare plant species of the Orchidaceae family which grow on the territory of the NationalNaturePark “Desniansko-Starogutsky”.
Three species of rare plants from the Orchidaceae family such as Epipactishelleborine, Listeraovata, Platantherachlorantha, which we have studied, are of different life form: the first two species are rhizomatous plants, the last one has ovate tubers.
Under the conditions of the NationalNaturePark “Desniansko-Starogutsky”, generative individuals of E. helleborine have from 5 to 26 flowers per inflorescence, while the adequate number of fruits on one plant is, on average, not more than one fruit per plant. The continuous drying of generative plants after the formation of buds is observed in the NationalNaturePark “Desniansko-Starogutsky”, so the majority of plants do not even reach flowering. The percentage of flowering plants is low and varies annually. Flowering of this plant species is characterized by its irregularity, where the break in blossoming may be 1, 2 or even 3 years.
The minimum value of seed yield in certain individuals of the L. ovatаpopulation studied is about 10-15 generative structures, and the maximum value amounts to 55 generative structures per individual. In general, it is possible to speak about favorable conditions for growth of this species, because a plant generates, on average, 30 fruit, 22 of which are not full.
Under the conditions of the NationalNaturePark “Desniansko-Starogutsky, the P. chloranthaplants have the indicators of reproductive sphere with the maximum number of flowers up to 42 pieces in inflorescence. A gradual decrease in the average number of flowers per plant is observed at the level of 21.23 - 16.50 on an annual basis. Actual fruit setting reaches 13.35 filled fruits on plant. The reproductive effort for this species has also been determined. The number of generative structures and the total area of plant leaf surface are used for calculation. Contribution to the reproduction of this species amounts to 14.29%.
The greatest contribution to reproduction is made by Listeraovata (RE = of 30.15%), and such indicator for Platantherachlorantha and Epipactishelleborine does not exceed 15%. The significant differences between potential and actual seed production for Epipactishelleborine that may indicate the non-conformity of growth conditions of this population to its reproduction ecological niche have been revealed as well.
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