Green SPACES ON TERRITORY OF Kyiv ELEKTRO WAGON REPAIR PLANT

Abstract

The species composition of tree and shrub plantings at the territory of elektro wagon repair plant in Kiev was analyzed. The integrated assessment of green space, according to which the functional state characterized as sati sfactory, was conducted.

The modern industry is constant source of pollution [5]. Greening is the most effective method to ensure the ecological balance of industrial areas, resulting in compensation of harmful industrial emissions, reducing noise and dust pollution, air temperature, raising its humidity and enrichment by volatile [1].

Analysis of recent research and publications. The plants used for landscaping of industrial enterprises territory should be effective in effective in sanitary respect and resistant to pollution by industrial emissions [4, 5].

Active use in landscape architecture introduced tree plants can successfully implement the concept of sustainable urban development.

The aim - to study the species composition and condition of tree and shrub plantations at the territory of electric wagon repair plant.

Materials and methods of research. Inventory of stands held by route method in accordance with operating instructions. The species composition of plantations was determined by A. I. Kolesnikov labor [3]. Integrated assessment of plantations was determined by the A. N. Vitchenko, E. V.  Krylovych method [2].

Results and discussion. Plant area is 11.6 hectares. Buildings and structures takes 64.3 % of  factory area, roads - 18.6 % and green areas - 17.1 %, which does not meet to requirements of existing standards.

Analysis of our inventory of existing plantations showed that at the plant now grows 20 kinds and forms of tree plants, including 10 deciduous in number of 51 pieces and 10 conifers in quantity of 126 pieces. Quantitatively coniferous: Thuja occidentalis L. 'Globosa' and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (by 14.9 %), Thuja plicata Lamb. (12,4 %), Thuja occidentalis L. 'Variegata' (8,9 %), Thuja occidentalis L. 'Columna' (7,1 %), Juniperus chinensis L. 'Stricta' (5,9 %). Among deciduous most are Morus alba L. (5,9 %), Aesculus hippocastanum L. (4,7 %), Prunus armeniaca L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (both by 4.1 %).

Average state of tree plantations - 1.1, ie close to good. Satisfactory condition has only 18 trees Aesculus hippocastanum, Prunus armeniaca and Quercus robur and the poor - only one tree Pinus nigra.

There are 10 species and forms of shrubs at the factory, which are dominated decorative foliage and beautiful flowering Cornus alba L. (45,4 %), Philadelphus coronarius L. (18,1 %) and Ligustrum vulgare L. (15,1 %). There is one species of coniferous shrubs - Juniperus sabina L., which accounts for 6.1% of shrubs at the plant area.

Two types of bushes - Berberis Thunbergii DC.'Atropurpurea 'and Philadelphus coronarius are satisfactory condition, and the rest - good. In addition, at the plant territory are growing vines: Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Hydrangea arborescens L., which are in good, and some - in poor condition.

Evaluation of the life condition of tree plantations by the method [2] shows that plantations are classified as healthy (condition index 96.2 %), which may indicate a rather favorable geo-ecological situation in the undertaking. The density of planting is 15 trees and 142 bushes per 1 hectare of territory, which is twice lower than the recommended 30-36 trees and close to the recommended 150-180 bushes per 1 ha of the total area of the company. It is well known that the density of stands affects to climate area, uptake of atmospheric emissions, noise pollution, and lack of density functional status may weaken spaces [2]. Value of tree and bush plantations at the plant area is 1: 8 for the recommended 1: 5. However, this figure may be evidence in favor of the existing planting area as bushes marked the accelerated development and greater biological stability.

The age structure of tree plantations varies according to the species. Is dominated middle-aged and old deciduous and young conifer plantings. The dominant species composition (percentage of each species is over 10 %) are Thuja occidentalis' Globosa, T. plicata and Picea abies. Together, its combined share in tree plantations is 42.2 %.

Conducted integrated assessment of green spaces found that its functional state is characterized as good. The numerical value of the integral state green spaces - 4.09, that corresponding to the best indicators of industrial facilities towns of Belarus, where the indicator ranged between 3.09 to 4.39.

Conclusions and prospects.

It was established that at the plant territory are growing 20 species and forms of tree plants, including 10 deciduous and 10 - conifers. Quantitatively prevail coniferous introduced species, including various forms of Thuja occidentalis, T. plicata, Picea abies, Juniperus chinensis. Among deciduous tree species predominate Morus alba, Aesculus hippocastanum, Prunus armeniaca and Ailanthus altissima. Quantity of trees at the industrial area is double lower than the normative, but functional status of green spaces is good.

The quality of the functional state of green space of factory area is defined by insufficient density of trees and insufficient level of greenery. For sustainable operation of green spaces appropriate to increase species composition of tree plantations.