METABOLIC OF LEAF TREE DEPENDING ON THE GROWTH CONDITIONS

Abstract

The transformation of the urban environment led to changes in the life of woody flora. These changes are not always noticeable visually, and their appearance often suggests nothing of irreversible physiological (biochemical) change body. Formation of important substances of plant organism depends on the functional processes (synthesis of protein, carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds) in which the operation is normal. Most expeditious structural and functional changes can be seen in the assimilation organs (leaves). Knowing the essence of adaptive processes at the level of metabolism tree growing in a transformed urban environment, we can understand the morphological changes and as a result find the optimal measures to improve the green spaces and maintain their livelihoods in "difficult"  environment that is relevant for today urban green economy.

The aim is to study the content of basic biochemical parameters in the dry mass of leaves studied groups of trees and installation possible dependence of quantitative and qualitative values of these parameters depending on growth conditions, and identifying features of life of native and exotic trees in the transformed conditions of the urban environment and their adaptive response to environmental factors.

To study the biochemical parameters of life of woody plants city green zone allocated to 3 groups of tree species of oak (Quercus robur L.) and bahryanyk Japanese (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold et Zucc.). Oak stands as a typical representative of the green zone. City belongs to the native flora. Cultivation bahryanyk in our area began in the last century because of our climatic zone it belongs to introduced species. Subject studied biochemical metabolic dry mass of leaves at the height of summer activities, including study of water-soluble carbohydrates, starch, protein and lipids.

To evaluate the physiological response of plants to growth conditions studied makrometabolic sheet structure on the main important indicators of water soluble carbohydrates, fiber, lipids. Studies have shown that in the urban environment course of biochemical processes is worse than a close to natural environmental conditions. Environment of urban pervert the course of carbohydrate, lipid and other exchanges. A significant drop in performance microclimate, soil and air pollution sensitivity of plants to changing environmental conditions.

Research of macro metabolic composition of bahryanyk and oak in the green area of Lviv allowed to find out that changes functional structures of the leaf are displayed in organic and mineral components of its dry weight. The conditions of the urban environment affect carbohydrate metabolism and "adjusting" the content of the main structural components. Transformed environment of the city causes the plant organism to accumulate a reserve stock of components - starch and lipids. Also found that rates of sugar and starch in the dry mass of leaves depends on the growth conditions and specific features. It was found difference between the metabolism of native oak and introduced bahryanyk. Last actively accumulate reserve compounds, especially in polluted outdoor environments. In turn, oak showed better adaptability to local conditions. Confirmed that the research of assimilating organs clearly shows the main changes in the plant organism on physiological and biochemical level, caused by habitat transformation and pollutants in the environment. Leaves can be considered as the primary basis of morpho-physiological  adaptation of plants.