WILLOW ENERGY AND CHEMICAL STRESS

Abstract

On sections of control (option 1), the weed germination was recorded 7 days after pre-cultivation and planting willow cuttings energy. The period of emergence of weeds in the years of research were long, up to 30 days. In the following vegetation period, the intensity of appearance of new shoots as a result of filling of vacant ecological niches gradually decreased. The nature of the contamination of landings of willow's energy was mixed. Among the weeds the most popular were: cock millet (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), glaucous foxtail (Setaria glauca L.), pigweed white (Chenopodium album L.), hybrid pigweed (Chenopodium hybridum L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), field aruda (Thlaspi arvense L.), Highlander rough (Polygonum scabra L.), bitterling berestovichany (Polygonum convolvulus L.).

Plant energy willow after planting cuttings in moist soil vegetation started in a new place. On the underground parts of the stems were actively begun the formation of adventitious roots, which provided the aerial part with water and mineral nutrients. Colateral buds on the aerial parts actively involved in the growth and development of them formed green leaves. Apical Bud, or the upper on the escape collaterally kidney after awakening formed an escape continuation. In the early stages of organogenesis these shoots were tender and herbaceous. However, after 45-60 days of vegetation in the lower parts of young shoots gradually began the processes of lignification (woodiness). Shoots acquired rigidity (ability to resist mechanical loads. The same process occurred gradually and was completed with the ripening of the wood, just escaping in the second half of September. The formation of new shoots and other growth process occurred by using the products of photosynthesis occurred primarily in stochasti (Paladini) chlorenchyma (parenchyma contains chlorophyll and performs the carrying function) of the leaf blades and partially in the tissues of young green stems of willow's energy.

To assess the intensity of photosynthesis was used, the system analyses the content of chlorophylls (chlorophyll – a + chlorophyll –b) in the lamina willow.

Young plants in the areas of options 1 and 6, the content of chlorophyll made up for the years of research on average of 1.13 mg/dm². The leaf blade had a light-green color.

Analysis of chlorophylls in 20.06 revealed a trend of increasing their content in the lamina to 1.38 mg/DM/2. Increasing competition of weeds in areas of option 1 did not stop the process of increasing the concentration of chlorophyll in the lamina of energy willow. At the time of the following analyses 20.07 it amounted to an average of 1.43 mg/dm².

The researchers was the question: how to preserve the protective effect of the grant of herbicides and to avoid the induction of chemical dis-stress in sensitive to the action of preparations of plant culture? The solution was found in the insulating materials. (On the development of the author received a corresponding patent).

Protected plants were vegetation conditions similar to the conditions of the cuttings in the areas of version 6. Analyses of chlorophyll content in leaf discs of plants of the willow energy from the areas of options 4 and 5 noted only a small average decrease in the amount of chlorophyll in the period of the highest chemical activity effects of herbicides. 20.05. The amount of chlorophyll content was in the areas of option 4 on the 1.11 level and areas variant 5 was made up of 1.12 mg/dm², i.e. the indicators are close to levels in plants, for option 5 (no chemical protection and manual prepolovenie). The situation with the amount of chlorophyll content and the activity of growth processes in plants on plots with isolated cuttings was similar for this growing season.

The best indicator of the optimality of the conditions of vegetation of the willow energy the first year of planting was evident in the magnitude of annual growth of new shoots.

In areas Sabur Ananova control (option 1) as a result of weed competition for factors of life the average values of the germinate was modest and amounted to an average of 65cm. (or reducing the result of the blockage was 57%.

The use of crop protection against weeds of soil herbicides Dual gold and stomp in addition to the appropriate protective action on the weeds has caused deep dis-stress in young plants. In the second half of the growing season, young plants gradually overcome chemical dis.-stress and restored active assimilation. However, pre-depression to the end of the vegetation period they are not compensated. Their annual increment of shoots was 71 and 86cm, or a decline of 53% and 43% respectively to the indicators at the control sites weed-free.