ACTION LOLLIES BLOCK "KENDILAKT" ON SOME INDICATORS OF NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE DEFENSE OF THE BODY IN TERMS OF COWS OF NORTHEASTERN BIOGEOCHEMICAL ZONE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2016.07.012Keywords:
lollies block "Kendilakt" cow leucopoiesis, nonspecific immune defense, northeastern biogeochemical zoneAbstract
Increasing pressures on the environment, which began in the mid-twentieth century., Is a real threat to all living organisms. Anthropogenic processes lead to the formation of a qualitatively new biological provinces of anthropogenic pollution of ecosystems. In dysfunctional ecosystems accumulation of pollutants and self-cleaning mechanisms are not able to eliminate processes that violate the vital functions of living systems and leads to their death.
In different organic compounds, toxic elements break down slowly in the soil and water, and accumulate in the environment, migrate to feed crops and farm animals organism, and after biotransformation in animals fall in livestock and humans.
The feature northeast biogeochemical zones of Ukraine is the lack of soil, water and feed digestible form of iodine, cobalt, zinc, copper and manganese, also here there are man-made microelementosis that lead to disorders of metabolic reactions that manifest metabolic disorders and a number physiological functions.
The objective of veterinary science is to identify adverse changes in circulation micronutrients that lead to violations of animal health and disease. Especially important is the improvement of cattle feed rations using sorbents and dietary supplements, air conditioning, water consumed by animals from farms in implementing effective systems of training.
Natural resistance and physiological state of animals in meaningful depends on abiotic factors on the body accompanied by the development of a number of compensatory-adaptive reactions, are the realization of adaptive processes.
The aim of our work was to study the effect of lollies "Kendilakt" on indicators of nonspecific immune defense of the organism cows, including the number of leukocytes, bactericidal activity and lysozyme serum.
The study was conducted on cows Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the enterprise "Iskra" Olevsk district, Zhytomyr region (northeastern biogeochemical zone). Cows in the two groups (control and experimental) were selected on the basis counterparts, take into account the age (3-4 lactation), body weight (480-500kh) average yield (14,5 kg). A total of 20 animals were selected. Tethered cows, feeding in accordance with generally accepted standards. During the study cows experimental group, besides basic diet, an additional 30 days fed lollies "Kendilakt" enough. The structure of "Kendilakt" includes macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, natural mineral saponite, propylene glycol, salt, molasses - which provide physiologically animals - normalized number of needed metals and prevent excessive absorption in their body of heavy metals from feed and water.
Blood samples were collected from cows in the morning to feed, subject to the rules of septic tanks and antiseptics. Clinical studies of animals, morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed on the first, 15th and 30th day of the experiment. The number of leukocytes was determined by melanzher; serum bactericidal activity - nephelometric method using a microbial culture Staphylococus aureus; lisozym activity of blood serum - photoelectric colorimeter, using culture Micrococus lisodecticus (strain 2009P).
At the beginning of the experiment, the number of leukocytes in the blood of cows control and experimental group almost no different. In lollies fed cows in the experimental group leukocyte count at the end of the experiment increased by 7,1%, the control – 19,5% respectively. Changes in white blood cells accompanied by changes in the composition of the population of leukocytes. Number of basophils in the blood of cows in the control group increased by 42,3%, in the blood of experimental decreased by 39,4%, the relative number of young forms of neutrophils increased in the control and experimental groups, noted the same time reducing the number of neutrophils in the blood of both groups of animals. The proportion of lymphocytes in the blood of animals increased research group 55,4 ± 2,1 to 58,9 ± 1,94%, the control - with 55,1 ± 2,41 to 57,3 ± 1,45%.
It should be noted a significant reduction in the number of monocytes to 0,2 ± 0,04% of cows in the blood of experimental end of the study, at the same time as the animals in the control group, their number increased to 1,71 ± 0,35%.
Other authors also point to the relationship between all components of the immune system that causes the functioning of a complex chain of specific and nonspecific defense, especially clearly evident changes in the composition of the population of leukocytes.
During the study period there were changes in the level of humoral factors protecting the body of experimental cows.
After analyzing the results of the studies found that the bactericidal activity of serum experimental group increased probability of 0,001 to 71,9% of the control – 17,7%. Lisozym activity in an animal serum control group was between 28,3 ± 2,42 in early to 34,5 ± 4,01 at the end of the experiment, which was 21,9% (p <0.05). Lisozym index of activity in the blood serum of animals treated lolly fluctuated 25,36 ± 2,57 early to 39,7 ± 4,5 at the end of the experiment. Differences in animals with experimental group significantly (p <0.05) increased by 55%.
According to other authors use cows vitamin and mineral preparations stimulated elimination ability, neutrophil bactericidal activity and serum.
Feeding lollies "Kendilakt" cows lactate provided a positive impact on leucopoiesis high level of humoral factors of protection of animals, thereby increasing serum bactericidal activity by 71.9% (p <0,001) lisozym activity - 55% (p <0,05 ).
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