DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVE TILLER NUMBER IN MODERN SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.05.013Keywords:
ячмінь ярий, продуктивне кущіння, діалельний аналіз, комбінаційна здатність, генетичні параметри, успадковуваність, генетичні джерелаAbstract
Many researchers consider productive tilling number as one of the most important barley yield components. The significance of the trait causes practical value of its comprehensive study, including genetic point of view. A number of publications by domestic and foreign researchers contain ambiguous data on genetic control of the "productive tiller number" which is obviously due to various genetic material involved in crossing, place and environmental conditions the researches were conducted in, as well as significant phenotype variability of the trait. Taking into account the above-mentioned, the study on plant breeding and genetic characteristics of new varieties of spring barley for productive tiller number in specific environmental conditions have a permanent relevance for the practical selection of this crop.
The purpose of the research is to identify plant breeding and genetic characteristics of modern spring barley varieties for "productive tiller number" under the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine and to single out genetic sources of increased combining ability to be involved in hybridization.
Materials and methods of the research. The studies were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (the V.M. Remeslo MIW of NAAS). Hybridization according to the complete (7x7) diallel scheme was performed annually through 2013-2015. As components of crosses there were modern varieties of domestic breeding (Virazh, Talisman Myronivskyi (the V.M. Remeslo MIW of NAAS); Komandor (Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation) and foreign (KWS Aliciana, KWS Bambina (DEU), Zhana, Explorer (FRA)) breeding. Parental and F1 plants were grown unfer field conditions in 2014-2016 with three replications. The analysis of variance was performed according to B.A. Dospekhov (1985). Combining ability and genetic parameters were calculated according to Fedin M.A. et al. (1980).
Results and discussion. The highest average in the experiment level of the trait expression was noted in 2015. In all years, there were significant differences between the components of the crossing and between F1. Maximum level of the trait expression was noted in the varieties Explorer, Talisman Myronivskyi, KWS Aliciana. The average value in hybrids resulted from their participation was the highest.
The ANOVA showed reliable values of both general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), but with a significant advantage of the first one. Reliable reciprocal effect was noted in 2014 and 2016.
The stably high effects of GCA in all years of the study were noted in the varieties Talisman Myronivskyi (0.91-1.31) and Explorer (0.96-1.13). Reliably positive effects were typical for the variety KWS Aliciana (0.38-0.48). The rest varieties were characterized with negative GCA values.
In all years of the research, the prevalence of dominant (H1 and H2) effects over additive (D) has been noted. The average degree of dominance (H1/D) testified to the overdomination in the experiment as a whole. The same pattern was also characteristic for index of average domination degree in the loci (). The ratio , differing from 1.0 of the essence, indicates an unequal average domination degree in different loci through all years.
Index of relative frequency distribution of dominant and recessive alleles (F<0) suggests that through all years recessive genes (effects) had quantitative superiority (expression). The ratio of the total number of dominant genes to the total number of recessive genes in all varieties involved in crosses was characterized with parameter. The value of the ratio h2/H2 indicates that at least 3 genes (groups of genes) demonstrated the effects of dominance. The correlation coefficient r[(Wr+Vr)i; xi] in 2014 and 2015 indicates reliable direction of dominance towards the trait increase. That is, the trait was increased by dominant genes. In 2016, this parameter was negative, but unreliable therefore it does not allow clearly characterizing dominant or recessive genes increased the trait.
Coefficient of heritability in a broad sense (H2) was high in all years of research (0.93-0.97) thus indicating a significant contribution of genetic features to the phenotypic variability. Coefficient of heritability in a narrow sense (h2) was also rather high (0.67-0.72) that showed an additive contribution to the genetic control of the trait.
Graphical analysis of regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) between the mean values of parent components and hybrids with their participation confirms and supplements information about genetic components. In 2014 and 2015, the regression line intersects the axis on the negative side, so indicating overdominance. In 2016, epistasis was clearly noticeable. In general, over the years the change in location of the varieties concerning regression line can be traced. In 2016, "shiftt" in location of varieties is especially noticeable.
Conclusions. Components of genetic variation and regression graphical analysis of hybrids by diallel scheme indicate that the overdominance supplemented in some years by strong epistasis prevailed in genetic control of productive tiller number. Taking into account the prevalence of dominant effects of genes and overdomination both in the experiment as a whole and in the loci, as well as the direction of dominance towards the increase of the trait and its uncertainty in some years, the "hard" selection for this trait should be practiced in later hybrid generations. The varieties Talisman Myronivskyi and Explorer are valuable genetic sources for combination breeding to increase productive tiller number.
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