Formation of soybean productivity depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation under conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.03.014Abstract
The content and composition of fat and protein in soybean are genetically determined. The ratio of the major substances in soybean grain, in particular between protein and oil and their amount, depends significantly on the variety, zone and technology of cultivation, weather conditions. Currently, there is no consensus on whether there is a direct link between grain yield and protein content in the seeds. Thus, in some cases, when the yield increases, there can be observed a decrease in protein content in the seeds, while other studies, on the contrary, show that the increase in grain productivity causes an increase in protein content.
The aim was to identify peculiarities of the productivity formation in different soybean varieties depending on seed bacterization with nitrogen fixing and phosphorus mobilizing bacteria and foliar nutrition with macro- and microelements under the conditions of the right bank Forest Steppe.
The research was conducted during 2015-2017 at the Institute of Feeds and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS on the gray forest mid-loamy soils. It was expected to study the effect and interaction of three factors: A – variety: Diadema Podillia, Oriana; B – method of pre-sowing seed treatment: without inoculation, Risoactive (2 l/t), Phosphateenterin (0.8 l/t), Risoactive + Phosphateenterin; C – foliar nutrition: without nutrition, nutrition in the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with Omex 3X (0,5 l/ha) + Agrohumat (0.5 l/ha); nutrition in the phase of full blooming with Omex Micromax (0.5 l/ha) + Agrohumate (0.5 l/ha); combination of nutrition in the phase of the 3rd triple Omex 3X (0.5 l/ha) + Agrohumat (0.5 l / ha) and full blooming with Omex Micromax (0.5 l/ha) + Agrohumate (0.5 l/ha) ).
Grading of factors was 2х4х4, replication of the experiment was four-time. Location of the variants was systematic. Registration area was 25 m2, the total area of the site was 54 m2. The predecessor crop was spelt winter wheat. The system of fertilization included application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium salt) based on Р60К60 for basic soil tillage and nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate (N30) under pre-sowing cultivation. The seeds had been treated for 14 days before sowing with Maxim XL 035 FS (1 l/t of seed). Bacterial inoculation with Risohumin and Phosphateenterin was carried out one day before sowing. Foliar nutrition was applied in the period of vegetation according to the experimental scheme (a standard working solution of 250 l/ha).
Under the conditions of the right bank Forest-Steppe, the most favorable conditions for the formation of maximum yield and quality of soybean seeds have been established under implementation of foliar nutrition in the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with Omex 3X (0.5 l/ha) + Agrohumate (0.5 l/ha) and full blooming with Omex Micromax (0.5 l/ha) + Agrohumate (0.5 l/ha) against the background of bacterization with Risoactive + Phosphateenterin. Seed yield of Diadema Podillia variety was 2.80 t/ha, it was somewhat less than it was in Oriana variety (2.69 t/ha), which was 0.76 t/ha or 37.4% and 0.75 t/ha or 38.8% more compared to control without pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar nutrition. In this variant, the highest content of crude protein and fat was observed. In Oriana variety, these figures were 39.33% and 21.14%, and in Diadema Podillia – 40.83% and 20.89%. Compared to control, the increase in crude protein was 3.45% and 2.92% and fat – 2.98% and 2.93%, respectively.
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