Biological features of lavender plants produced by seed propagation method in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.04.002Abstract
The results of research on peculiarities of lavender varieties seedlings growth and development in the case of applying a generative method of reproduction by sowing directly to the soil after long-term stratification of seeds by lowered temperatures are presented. The purpose of research is to determine optimal method of lavender reproduction in Kiev region conditions. Research objects are varieties of lavender: Feerfogel, Livadia, Orion, Vostok, Kening Humberg, Maestro, Veseli Notky, Richard Wals.
Materials and methods. Field research was conducted under the conditions of stationary experiment in the laboratory of ornamental and medicinal plants of Institute of Horticulture of NAAS in 2014-2017.
For artificial stratification seeds of each variety were mixed with the substrate and putted into the air-tight plastic bags. After that the bags with mixture were placed in the refrigerator for cooling during 6 weeks at the temperature of about + 5° C.
Lavender spring sowings were carried out in April 2014-2016, when the threat of strong reverse frosts disappeared and air temperature was close to optimum for seeds germination. In 2017 the sowing was not conducted, but phenological observations and morphological description of lavender plants in all variants of experiments were continued. Single-row plots were used for experiment in three repetitions. Every plot contained 10 plants with one or two protective plants at both ends of the line. Plant nutrition area was 1 × 0,75 m. For lavender plants cultivation were used agrotechnical recommendations for essential oil crops.
The results of the experiments were statistically analyzed by using the Microsoft Office Excel and software package Statistica 8.0.
The duration of lavender varieties vegetation interphase periods in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are determined. Peculiarities of plant growth intensity are established. In the first year of vegetation, starting with the phase of the germination, plants of all varieties grew slowly. The longest period of regrowth was observed in plants of the Livadia and Feierfogel cultivars – 76 and 74 days, respectively. The difference of the extreme thresholds of regrowth duration among the studied cultivars was 14 days. On the second and third year of vegetation, the beginning of the lavender plants flowering phase in all cultivars was noted in the middle of June. It lasted for on average 21-33 days depending on the variety.
The morpho-biological parameters of plants were most influenced by the weather conditions of year, however, the varietal dependence, as well as the age of the plant, was noted. In individuals of 4 years of age, the number of inflorescences reaches on average 224 pieces, which is 5 times more than in two-year period. Relevant markings (p ≤ 0,49) were found over the years of research between the parameters of bush habitus (height, width, number of first-order side shoots). The height of the lavender plants was mainly influenced by the weather conditions of the year and cultivar affiliation. The highest plants were found in cultivars Maestro, Veseli Notky and Richard Wals.
The highest yield of essential oil was recorded in Richard Wals plants – 1,304%, the lowest – in the Orion variety – 0,622%. So, cultivation of lavender in Ukrainian Forest-Step conditions is promising direction of plant.
According to the results of the studies, it can be concluded that during the growing season experimental varieties were differed significantly, but the fluctuations over the years were less significant, except cultivar Orion. Such cultivars as Feierfogel, Livadia, Orion and Kening Houmber, according to their growth and development features in the Forest-Steppe zone, can be attributed to a long-term vegetation periods group, Vostok and Richard Wals – to short-term, Maestro and Veseli Notky – to the middle-term group. There is a clear correlation between the productivity of spikes (the number of flowers per plant) and their length. Soil and climatic conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe contribute to the successful introduction of lavender, which potentially can provide high yields of inflorescences with high content of essential oils.
Key words: lavender, cultivar, stratification, essential oil, photosynthetic potential, productivity
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