Yield and quality of seeds of different varieties of winter wheat crop depending on agro cultivation methods and climate change conditions

Abstract

One of the ways to increase the production of winter wheat is to use in the technology of growing high-quality grain. Parpose. To substantiate the optimal distribution of winter wheat in crop rotations which ensures the high and stable yield of seeds in conditions of increasing arid climate. Methods. The investigations were carried out on the non-irrigated lands of the Institute of Irrigated Farming according to the generally accepted methods in agriculture.  Results. Different plumpness significantly affected seed yield. The largest was in the Ovid variety – 75,6%, which is connected with a higher weight of 1000 grains. In the Kherson 99 it was significantly lower - 69,9%. At the same time in the Ovid variety, it fluctuates in considerably greater limits and was the highest in 2015 – 84,0-87,3%. In the case with the Kherson 99 variety the seed yield was more stable over the years of research and less dependent on weather conditions.

The location of the winter wheat crop rotation and the main cultivation of soil under its predecessors substantially affected the seed yield, but the differences in it were significant.

The highest yield of seeds was provided by winter wheat of the Ovid variety- 3.77 tons/ha, while the Kherson 99 variety was 14,3% lower. Weather conditions also considerably influenced seed yield. In the wet 2015, its yield was the highest in all years of research and amounted to 4,04 tons/ha. In the Ovid variety, it was     4,62 t/ha, which is 1,16 t/ha more than in the Kherson 99 variety. In the three following dryer years the seed yield was 0,74-0,94 t/ha lower than the level 2015 At the same time, the yield difference between the studied varieties decreased to 0,17-0,33 t/ha.

The location of wheat in crop rotation and the main cultivation of soil under the predecessors also significantly affected the seed yield. Seed yield was the highest at placement of wheat directly on bare fallow – 3,87 t/ha, and the lowest in linseed with flaxseed oil and winter rape – 2,94 t/ha. Plowing under the predecessors of winter wheat contributed to the formation of the highest seed yield – 3,38 t/ha, which is 0,25 t/ha higher than the option with a surface tillage, where it was the lowest.

 In the most damp 2015 and 2016, the mass of 1000 seeds was quite high – 45,5-45,8 g. The smallest weight of 1000 seeds was in 2018 – 35,0 - 39,9 g in the Kherson 99. In the Ovid variety it was on 10,6-19,6% higher than Kherson 99. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was formed when placing wheat in bare fallow and the difference between it and the worst option (flax oilseed- winter rape - winter wheat) was only 1,8 g.

On the average, over four years of experimental research, the weight of 1000 seeds of the Ovid variety exceeded the Kherson 99 variety by 5,0 g, or 12,3%.

The coefficient of reproduction of winter wheat varies in the range of 12,4-20,1 in the Kherson 99 variety  and 14,4-22,5 in the Ovid variety. It depends both on the level of seed yield and on the investigated elements of technology.

 In both varieties in all years of research, the highest laboratory similarity of wheat seed was when placed directly on a bare fallow. She was the lowest in the crop rotation of flax oilseed – winter rape - winter wheat and green-manured fallow - winter rape - winter wheat.

Discussins. The winter wheat of the Ovid variety has produced seed yield by 14,3% more than the Kherson 99 variety. In the wet 2015, the seed yield was 0,74-0,94 t/ha higher than in more dry years. Placing wheat directly on a bare fallow provided an increase in the seed yield of 0,49-0,93 t/ha compared to other predecessors. The correlation coefficient between the laboratory similarity and the weight of 1000 seeds is 0,91-0,94.

Key words: crop rotation, germination, seed yield, reproduction coefficient, mass of 1000 seeds, soil cultivation