Forming potential symbiotic vegetable bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) depending on the application in biologics agrocenoses Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.05.012Abstract
The dynamics of the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus was studied. The influence of new strains of tuberous bacteria on the activity of the process of formation of a symbiotic apparatus in agrocenoses of vegetable bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated. It is proved that the use of biopreparations provides an increase in interphase periods. The influence of the complex application of inoculation with bacterial preparations Azotofit-p, Biomag, Biocomplex-BTU-1 the basic indices of the symbiotic productivity of vegetable bean crops, in particular the number and weight of active tubers, the active symbiotic potential, and the yield of the bean shovel of the early maturity group of the Zironka variety were studied. The analysis of the number of bulbils and the weight of snap bean showed that the seed inoculation of Zironka sort promoted to increasing the total number of tuberous on the root system of the plant. In the phase of mass flowering, the largest number of tuberous was formed in the variant with the usage of biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU-l – 28,5 pc/plant, which was in 9,3 pc more than the control version. Biopreparations of Azotophyte-l contributed to the formation of tuberous in the amount of – 23,6 pc/plant, which exceeded the variant without pre-sowing seed treatment at 4,4 pt/plant.
The usage of biopreparations also affected on the mass of tuberous. It was the biggest in the variant with application of biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU-l – 0,62 g/plant. The usage of Azotophyte-l or Biomag contributed to receiving a smaller mass of tuberous in comparison to the variant with using Biocomplex-BTU-l, but the indicators were higher in comparison to the control variant. Thus, the application of Azotophyte-l and Biomag contributed to the formation of tuberous mass at the levels of 0,35 and 0,48 g/plant, which exceeded control variant in accordance in 0,12 and 0,25 g/plant.
The general symbiotic potential of snap beans in the Zironka sort determined its dependence on the biopreparations and bacteria which are the part of their basis.
It is noted that the maximum index of the total symbiotic potential of beans is formed during the period of vegetation "mass appearance - budding" with the usage of biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU-l – 1,8 thousand kg. days/ha in the variant without the usage of biopreparations, the magnitude of the total symbiotic potential was 1,2 thousand kg. days/ha, which was less than the mentioned variant in 0.6 thousand kg. days/ha. At the same time, it was noted that the usage of Azotophyte-l or Biomag contributed to the increase in the formation of the general symbiotic potential, where the index was 1,5 and 1,3 thousand kg. days/ha.
With the onset of the next interphase periods, the general symbiotic potential during the vegetative period of the snap bean grew. The regularity between the studied variants in all interphase periods did not changed. Thus, the greatest potential was received with the usage of biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU-l, in particular in the interphase period, "mass appearance - the end of vegetation", where the shown period was the highest and was 26,3 thousand kg day/ha, which exceeded the control variant in 7,3 thousand kg day/ha. The smallest increase in comparison to the variant, where the biopreparations were used, was with the usage of biopreparations Biomag – 20,4 thousand kg. days/ha.
It was established that the magnitude of the active symbiotic potential increased gradually during the growing vegetative mass and vegetation period of snap beans. Thus, during the period of "mass appearance - budding" the active symbiotic potential varied depending on the studied variant. Application of biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU-l contributed to the formation of active symbiotic potential at the level of 6,7 thousand kg. days/ha, which is in 6,1 thousand kg. days/ha more than the control variant. The usage of Azotophyte-l or Biomag biopreparations also contributed to an increase of the active symbiotic potential of the plant. In the interphase period "mass appearance - mass flowering" the index was at the level of 0,7-2,0 thousand kg. days/ha. In the next interphase periods, the increase of the researched indicator was observed.
In the interphase periods, "mass apearance - the beginning of technical ripeness" and "mass appearance - the end of the vegetation," the indicators varied in the following limits: with the usage of biopreparation Azotophyte-l it was 7,9-12,4 thousand kg. days/ha, and with Biomag – 6,6-9,7 thousand kg. days/ha. It was established that the most propitious conditions for the formation of the maximum magnitude of the active symbiotic potential were noted in the variant with using Biocomplex-BTU-l – 10,5-16,8 thousand kg. days/ha, which exceeded the variant where the pre-sowing seed preparation was not used.
On average, during the years of the research the significant impact of biopreparations on the yield of snap beans has been established. The maximum magnitude was received from the variant where the Biocomplex-BTU-l was used. At the same time, the yield was 29,1 t/ha and exceeded the control version in 13,0 t/ha.
Keywords: vegetable beans, agrocenoses, tuber bacteria, symbiotic productivity, yield
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