Functional analogues of conjunctions: status, typology

Abstract

Introduction. Involvement of other parts of the language, in particular pronouns, adverbs, modal words, particles, in the sphere of connecting means causes the blurring of the clear boundaries of the conjunction, and therefore it is natural to recognize the presence of transitional units, more or less remote from the conjunction. Functional analogues of conjunctions, used in syncretic non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences, require attention of researchers.

The purpose of the article is to invent the functional analogues of conjunctions as a means of communication of predicative parts of non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences, to find out their status and describe the typology.

Methods. In the process of the research, the following methods were used: synthesis, analysis, structural-semantic method and linguistic description of linguistic facts.

Results. Functional analogues of conjunctions, or relational units, are interpreted as grammatical elements (so-called concrete specifiers) that function independently, without arbitrary conjunctions, and perform a formal-syntactic role (a means of communication of predicative parts) and semantic-syntactic role (express semantic-syntactic relations).

It was found that the analogues of conjunctions combine predicative parts of syncretic non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences, which are differentiated into three varieties: non-conjunctive-complex, non-conjunctive- compound and non-conjunctive-complex-compound.

A typology of functional analogues of conjunctions is proposed based on a semantic criterion and in view of the structural-semantic types of syncretic non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences. In the framework of non-conjunctive-compound constructions, the following types of analogues of conjunctions are distinguished: with a non-proper-copulative meaning of restriction (?????, ?????????, ?????????, ????, ???? ???), of addition or extension (?????????), accession (???????, ???, ?????????, ?? ??, ???? ??????? ?, ??????? ???????, ??? ????????????, ?????????????, ?????????????, ??????????, ??????????, ?????? ?????????, ????????????????), with the opposing meaning (????? ?, ????? ? ??????, ?????-??????, ???? ?????, ????, ??????, ??, ?, ?????????, ?????, ????????????, ??????????????, ??? ?? ???), with the separable meaning of mutual exclusion (??????... ??????, ????????????... ????????????, ?????????????? ??????), and alternation (????????... ? ????????, ?????????? ? ????????).

The body of analogues of conjunctions in non-conjunctive-complex composite sentences is formed at the expense of conjunctions-particles, which, while performing the function of amplification or interrogation, simultaneously serve as a means of communication of predicative parts: ?? (with a quantitative- consequential and temporal meaning), ???? (indicating the effect) , ????????? ?, ????? ?, ???? ??? (with a desirable-limiting meaning), ???, ???? (with conditional semantics), ??? (with clarifying-interrogative meaning).

In the field of non-conjunctive-compound-complex constructions, the functional analogues of the conjunctions are represented by four varieties: with the cause-effect meaning (???????, ?????? ??, ????? ???????, ????, ??????, ????????? (in the sense of ???????)), with conditional-consequential semantics (?????, ???????? ?????????, ??????????) , with the conclusion meaning (?????? (?), ???? (?)), with the meaning of the consistency (??????, ????????, ???????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ????? (?????), ?????????????, ?????????) and with the meaning of compliance or non-compliance (?????????? ?? ?????, ??????????????, ???????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ????, ??????????????????, ?????? (?)).

Originality. The originality of the scientific research consists in interpreting the syncretic status of the functional analogues of the conjunctions, their inventory and the typological description, based on the semantic criterion and taking into account the structural-semantic types of syncretic non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the inventory of functional analogues of conjunctions as means of communication of predicative parts of non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences is important for refinement and improvement of the general typology of composite sentences. The syncretic status of analogues of conjunctions, which are the so-called grammatical elements (pronouns, adverbs, particles, modal words) that function independently and perform a formal-syntactic and semantic-syntactic role, is defined.

The typology of the functional analogues of the conjunctions is based on the semantic criterion and takes into account the structural-semantic types of syncretic non-conjunctive-conjunctive composite sentences. Within the non-conjunctive-compound constructions the following types of analogues of conjunctions are distinguished: with the non-proper copulative meaning of restriction, addition, accession, with the opposing and the separable meaning of mutual exclusion and alternating actions, processes and states. The body of analogues of conjunctions in non-conjunctive-complex composite sentences is formed by means of conjunctions-particles, which, while performing the function of amplification or interrogation, at the same time serve as a means of communication between predicative parts. Functional analogues of conjunctions, used in non-conjunctive-compound-complex sentences, are differentiated into four varieties: with cause-effect meaning, with conditional-consequential meaning and conclusion meaning, with the meaning of consistency, compliance or non-compliance. The prospect of further scientific research is seen in the study of other types of connecting means, in particular, conjunction combinations and integral relational units, in the projection of the composite sentence system.