??onnected forms of the plural genetive case as new grammemas of nouns inflection paradigms

Abstract

There has been indicated a current development of morphological paradigmatics. The objective of this sphere of the modern Ukrainian language is studying the system of word formation of inflexional parts of speech; classification of kinds, types and models of word inflection; distinguishing, typology and characteristics of relevant factors which determine the repertoire of elementary paradigmatic classes of variable lexemes. In our different research we have distinguished from 14 to 33 differential criteria which are important, in particular, for declining nouns.

Notwithstanding a considerable number of research of noun declination in the modern Ukrainian language, in the field of declination of this lexica grammatical class there are lacunas, which are not investigated enough. The processes of unification and changes in the midst of noun paradigms have a tendency to be implemented. ???The Grammar Dictionary of the Literary Ukrainian language. Word Declination??? (2011) introduces word forms of the so called limited number as substantive models. The category of this number marks the grammemas of three cases: nominative, genitive and accusative. Moreover, the authors of the dictionary consider the word forms mentioned above are homonymous to the plural forms of the nominative and genitive cases.

We consider that this list is to be supplemented with the forms of the vocative, which are identical to the nominative and accusative forms. In our research we use the term ???connected forms???, which function resulting from the act of syntagmatic factor, in particular in collocation with numerals ????? (?????), ?????????? (??????????), ?????, ?????????? and composite numeral forms with ending components ????? (?????), ?????, ??????????. For example (connected form of the nominative??genitive??vocative goes first and they formally coincide, next goes a free form of the mentioned cases): ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????. Connected word forms are opposed to the free ones, traditional. Possibly, the first one are to be distinguished only when they are not homonymous to the commonly used ones.

Connected plural forms of the nominative, accusative and vocative are formed mainly form the lexemes of the first and second declination, from two nouns of the third declination (????????, ???????????), from four nouns of the forth (?????????, ????????????, ????????????, ??????????). Accentual factor is important as connected forms of the nominative, accusative and vocative cases have substantives with a different stress in the singular and in the plural.

The stress in such specific word forms is equivalent to the stress of the singular genitive forms: connected form of the nominative??accusative??vocative cases ????? ???????????? ?? the form of the singular genitive form ????????????. Eventually the mentioned forms coincide with the singular genitive word forms, for example (the connected form of the nominative??accusative??vocative cases goes first, the next ?? the free form of the nominative??accusative??vocative cases, the third ?? the singular genitive form): ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????????, ?????????? ???????????????????? ?? ????????????????? ?? ????????????????????, ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????, ????????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?? ??????????????, ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????????????? ?? ??????????????????? ?? ??????????????????, ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????, ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????????? etc. Most scholars consider the enumerated forms influenced by the archaic forms of the ambivalence.

Special attention should be paid to the connected forms of the plural genitive forms, which contrary to the mentioned above connected forms of the nominative, accusative and vocative, have not been recorded within paradigms of inflexional nouns.

Connected, or syntagmatic, meaning in genitive forms is characteristic mainly to the nouns of the first declension, less often to the second with different stress in the singular and plural in collocation with numerals five and more. Connected forms of the genitive case correlate with free ones, for example: ????? ??????????? (free form of the plural genitive ?? ???????????), ??????????? ?????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ??????????), ???????????? ?????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ??????????), ???????? ??????????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ???????????????), ???????????????? ????????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ?????????????), ?????????? ??????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ???????????), ??????????????????? ??????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ???????????), ????????????? ??????????? (free form of the genitive plural ?? ???????????) an others.

The supplementary factor for the connected genitive forms appearance is the influence of the ending suffix or the stem finale. Usually the movable stress in singular and plural subparadigms are characteristic to the feminine nouns of the first declination with such suffixes after the formative vowel phoneme: -??- (???????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ?? ?????????), -?????- (-????-) (???????????? ?? ?????????????, ???????????????? ?? ?????????????????, ?????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???????????????? ?? ?????????????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????), ?????????????????? -????????- (-???????-) (?????????????????? ?? ???????????????????, ??????????????????? ?? ????????????????????, ???????????????? ?? ?????????????????, ?????????????? ?? ???????????????). Moreover, different stress of singular and plural forms is characteristic to some nouns without suffixes with the finale ???vowel phoneme + ????? (?????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????, ???????????? ?? ?????????????).

We have also indicated some cases, when the presence or absence of movable stress in homonymous substantives in the singular and plural depends on the meaning of the word. We have also recorded sporadic influence of the prefixoid on the use of the fixed stress: connected form of the plural genitive ????????????? ???????????? ?? free form of the plural genitive ????????????, but ????????????????? ?? ?????????????????? (fixed stress). If a double accentuation is found in the genitive plural, the stress in the connected genitive form coincides with the stress of the singular genitive: ??????????? ?? free form of the plural genitive ?????????????? ?? connected form of the plural genitive ten ????????????.

Thus, the appearance of the connected word forms of the genitive case plural is mainly cause by syntagmatic, accentual, word forming and semantic factors.